2022年职称英语考试:卫生类模拟试题（一）(2)1.其次局部：阅读推断题SmokingSince 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have higher death rate from heart disease than none-smoking males. Female cigarette smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.16. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned17. Smoking reduces one”s life expectancy.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned18.Smoking may induce lung cancer.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned19.There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned20. Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned21. Nicotine is poisonous.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned22. Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safe.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned2.第三局部：概括大意与完成句子A Bit Good News for Fat People1. Certainly there are millions who need to lose weight. But there are also millions who only imagine they need to. Compulsive and continuous dieting, not to mention eating disorders, shows that some of us will do anything to reduce our bodies down to the currently desirable shape. But is being underweight really desirable?2. Scientists have long been looking into the effects of under-nutrition. These studiesrats and mice have been the subjects, not humans indicate that carefully controlled food restriction with adequate vitamins and minerals slows the aging process. In experiment after experiment, thin animals consistently outlive their all-you-can-eat cousins, sometimes doubling their average life span. They seem to age more slowly too. The level of cholesterol in their blood stays lower longer. Their bodies stay responsive to certain hormones longer. Their immune systems stay healthier longer. Underfed rats and mice are also less likely to suffer from age-related diseases like cancer, kidney and heart disease.3. But we still know little about the effect of scientifically controlled under-nutrition on people. Researchers have kept studying large numbers of people, linking their weight with their health over long periods of time. In direct contrast to the laboratory experiments, these population studies suggest that being underweight can actually be dangerous to your health.4. In a major National Institutes of Health study that followed more than 5,000 men and women for 24 years, scientists discovered that the thinnest people ran the highest rate of dying. The thinnest group of men had the highest death rates from cancer and all other diseases except those of the cardiovascular system. It is also found that thinness does not mean wellness. Men 15 percent below average weight die more often from pneumonia, influenza, heart disease and suicide than their weightier counterparts. Women 15 percent less than average are easy to get pneumonia, influenza and digestive system diseases. An American Cancer Society study found that those 20 percent underweight died more often from strokes and digestive disease than their average weight counterparts. In a California study of 7,000 men and women, the highest death rates were among those 10 percent underweight.5. Conversely, these and other studies are finding that being slightly or moderately overweight, even as much as 35 percent above standard weight, is good for your health.Exercise:23. Paragraph 2 _24. Paragraph 3 _25. Paragraph 4 _26. Paragraph 5_A Good Things about Being a Little OverweightB Fashion of Being UnderweightC Experiments on Animals Regarding Under-nutritionD Some Negative Effects of Being UnderweightE Contrast Between Experiments on Animals an