2022年（上）全国英语（一）试卷4Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Each nation has its own peculiar character which distinguishes it from others. But the peoplesof the world havemore points in common than points in which they differ. One type of person that is common inevery country is theone who always tries to do as little as possible and to get as much as possible in return. Hisopposite, the manwho is in the habit of doing more than is strictly necessary and who is ready to accept whatis offered in return,is rare everywhere.Both these types are usually unconscious of their character. The man who avoids effort is alwaystalking abouthis “rights“: he appears to think that society owes him a pleasant, easy life. The man who isalways doing morethan his share talks of “duties“: he feels that the individual is in debt to society, and notsociety to theindividual. As a result of their views, neither of these men thinks that he behaves at allstrangely.The man who tries to do as little as he can is always full of excuses: if he has neglected todo something, itwas because he had a headache, or the weather was too hot -or too cold- or because he was preventedby bad luck.At first, other people, such as his friends and his employer, generously accept his stories;but soon they realizewhat kind of person he is .In the long run he deceives only himself. When his friends becomecool towards him andhe fails to make progress in his job, he is surprised and hurt. He blames everyone and everythingexcept himself.He feels that society is failing in its duties towards him, and that he is being unjustly treated.26.The central idea of Paragraph 1 is that _.aeach nation is peculiar enough to enable us to distinguish it from othersbthe peoples of the world are as alike as they are differentcthe peoples of the world have more similarities than differencesdthose who do more than is strictly necessary are common in every country27. According to Paragraph 1, the man who does more than is required _.ais ready to accept what the society offers himbexpects nothing in return for his workcfeels that he is under heavy debtdthinks this makes his life easy28.Those who try to do as little as possible _.aenvy others good luckbare good story-tellerscsupply false reasons for their lack of responsibilitydthink that their opposites owe them a pleasant life29. The phrase “in the long run“(Paragraph 3)is closest in meaning to “_“.ain practicebin the endcin effectdin no time30.It can be inferred from the passage that people who cheat _.awill be unjustly treatedbwill cheat only themselves eventuallycwill change their behaviordwill get surprised by their own storiesPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.The government may control prices when where is a problem such as rapidly increasing rents ora rise in the cost ofliving. When the government controls prices, there is no longer a normal relationship betweenthe price of a productand the quantity consumers will buy. Government controls may help in an emergency (紧急状况)。However, some economistsbelieve that controls can have negative effects over a long period of time.In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord (房主)cancharge for anapartment.Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments. Theirrent cannot increase;therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics (批判者)say thatafter a long time,rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits.Therefore, theyinvest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in newbuildings which wouldalso be rent -controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who needapartments cannot find any.According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about rent control,price control andtheminimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if “other things are equal.“Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of differentdecisions. Someeconomists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, However,that there are nosimple answers to economic questions.31.Accirdubg to Paragraph 1, price control _.adoes more harm than goodbis good in every sensecis necessary but harmful in the long termdshould be avoided32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that _.athanks to rent control, it would be easier for many