2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Any negative statements and accusations should be made（ ）and forthrightly answered, preferably at the level on which they originate.问题1选项A.promptlyB.thoroughlyC.punctuallyD.exactly【答案】A【解析】句意:任何否定的言论和指控都应迅速、直接地作出答复，最好是在它们产生的层面上。考查副词辨析。promptly 迅速地;敏捷地；thoroughly 充分的；彻头彻尾 的；punctually 按时地；如期地；exactly 正确地；严密地。并列连词and连接空格跟forthrightly(直接地)，因此四个选项中，A项正确。2. 单选题Our multimillion nerve-cell central nervous system has its roots in the scattered nerve cells of tiny, lowly organisms that lived in water half a billion years ago. Nerve cells evidently first appeared in coelenterates “hollow-gutted” organisms like the hydra and the sea anemone. A coelenterates nerve network lacks any kind of centralized control. This probably began with flatworms - the first creature to possess a head.Specialized sense cells help flatworms respond more flexibly than sea anemones to outside stimuli. But like most animals without a backbone, flatworms act almost by instinct and reflex.Intelligent behavior remained impossible until the appearance of relatively big, complex types of brain the types we find among the backboned animas or vertebrates. The tiniest fish has a larger brain than the largest insect. But the development of a fishs three-part brain reflects that beasts unintellectual priorities. Much of the forebrain deals only with smell. The midbrain handles vision and the hindbrain balance.With early mammals the brain grew larger and more complex. Sense coordination shifted from the midbrain to the forebrain, a developing structure capped by folded cerebrum to handle memory and learning. Meanwhile the hindbrain gained a large cerebellum to coordinate complicated movements.Advanced mammals such as monkeys, apes and human (the primates) have brains derived from ancestors that took to living in the trees, where vision mattered more than smell. Accordingly the once big “smell part of the forebrain grew smaller, while the part that handles vision grew much larger.1.With what topic is the passage mainly concerned?2.The hydra is a kind of（ ）.3.In the last paragraph, the phrase “took to” could best be replaced by which of the following?4.It can be inferred from the passage that insects do not have（ ）.5.According to the passage, what helps to coordinate the complex physical activity of a mammal?问题1选项A.The sensory organs of invertebrates.B.The anatomy of tiny organismsC.The origin of the brain and central nervous system.D.The importance of vision for fish and advanced animals.问题2选项A.flatwormB.coelenterateC.sea anemoneD.nerve cell问题3选项A.beganB.fled toC.carried toD.became friendly toward问题4选项A.brainsB.backbonesC.nerve cellsD.reflexes问题5选项A.The cerebellumB.The forebrainC.The cerebrumD.The midbrain【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲中枢神经系统和大脑的起源，因此C项正确。第2题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词hydra定位至第一段“hollow-gutted” organisms like the hydra and the sea anemone”(诸如水螅和海葵等腔肠动物)。由此可知，B项 “腔肠动物”正确。第3题:词义题。对于短语“took to”的理解可参考句子: Advanced mammals such as monkeys, apes and human (the primates) have brains derived from ancestors that took to living in the trees (先进的哺乳动物，如猴子、猿和人类（灵长类动物）的大脑是由祖先进化而来的，它们在树上生活)，take to本意为 “开始从事”。第4题:判断推理题。第三段指出: The tiniest fish has a larger brain than the largest insect (最微小的鱼相比最大的昆虫有更大的头脑)。由此可知，A项 “大脑”正确。第5题:细节事实题。题干为:由文章可知，什么有助于协调哺乳动物复杂的身体活动?倒数第二段指出: Meanwhile the hindbrain gained a large cerebellum to coordinate complicated movements (同时，后脑获得了巨大的小脑来协调复杂的运动)。由此可知A项“小脑”正确。3. 单选题The presidents（ ）remarks in his speech met with a lot of attacks from other countries.问题1选项A.offensiveB.impressiveC.permissiveD.expressive【答案】A【解析】句意:总统在演讲中的攻击性言论遭到了许多来自其他国家的攻击。考查形容词辨析。offensive 攻击的，冒犯的，令人不适的；impressive 令人赞叹的，令人钦佩的；permissive 许可的，自由的，放任的；expressive 表现的，有表现力的。根据题干关键词“遭到了许多来自其他国家的攻击”可知A符合句意。4. 单选题His（ ）directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take.问题1选项A.ambiguousB.complicatedC.arbitraryD.intricate【答案】A【解析】句意:他模棱两可的指示把我们弄糊涂了；我们不知道该走哪条路。考查形容词辨析。ambiguous 引起歧义的；模糊的；complicated 难懂的；复杂的；arbitrary 任意的；武断的；intricate 复杂的；错综的。由后半句句意可知A项正确。5. 单选题Although the end of the term was close（ ）, Jim had not completed all of the projects he had hoped to finish.问题1选项A.on handB.by handC.at handD.in hand【答案】C【解析】句意:尽管学期快结束了，吉姆还没有完成他希望完成的所有项目。考查短语辨析。on hand 在手边;在场;by hand 用手；at hand 在手边；即将到来；in hand 在手头；在进行中；在控制中。这里表示“学期快结束了”，故选C。6. 单选题As one works with color in a practical or experimental way, one is impressed by two apparently unrelated facts. Color as seen is a mobile changeable thing depending to a large extent on the relationship of the color to other colors seen simultaneously. It is not fixed in its relation to the direct stimu