2022年4月北京地区成人英语三级考试全真试题及答案Part I Reading Comprehension (30 %)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:(76)Much unfriendly feeling towards computers has been based on the fear of widespread unemployment resulting from their introduction. Computers are often used as part of automated production systems requiring a least possible number of operators, causing the loss of many jobs. This has happened, for example, in many steelworks.On the other hand, computers do create jobs. They are more skilled and better paid, though fewer in number than those they replace. Many activities could not continue in their present form without computers, no matter how many people are employed. Examples are the check clearing system of major banks and the weather forecasting system.When a firm introduces computers, a few people are usually employed in key posts (such as jobs of operations managers)while other staff are re-trained as operators, programmers, and data preparation staff. (77) After the new system has settled down people in non-computer jobs are not always replaced when they leave, resulting in a decrease in the number of employees. This decrease is sometimes balanced by a substantial increase in the activity of the firm, resulting from the introduction of computers.The attitudes of workers towards computers vary. There is fear of widespread unemployment and of the takeover of many jobs by computer-trained workers, making promotion for older workers not skilled in computers more difficult.On the other hand, many workers regard the trend toward wider use of computers inevitable. They realize that computers bring about greater efficiency and productivity, which will improve the condition of the whole economy, and lead to the creation of more jobs. This view was supported by the former British Prime Minister, James Callaghan in 1979, when he made the point that new technologies hold the key to increased productivity, which will benefit the economy in the long run.1. The unfriendly feeling towards computers is developed from.A. the possible widespread unemployment caused by their introductionB. their use as part of automated production systemsC. the least possible number of operatorsD. the production system in steelworks2. The underlined word “They“ (Line 1, Par. 2) refers to.A. computersB. jobsC. activitiesD. systems3. According to Paragraph 2, without computers.A. human activities could not continueB. there could not be weather forecasting systemsC. many activities would have to change their present formD. banks would not be able to go on with check clearing4. According to the passage,what results from the introduction of computers?A. After re-training, all employees in the firm get new jobs.B. A considerable proportion of people are employed in key posts.C. The firm keeps all of its original staff members.D. The decrease in staff members may be balanced by the increase of firm activities.5. James Callaghan”s attitude towards computers can be best described as.A. doubtfulB. regretfulC. unfriendlyD. supportivePassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet, including a variety of fruits and green vegetables. (78) It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins.An example of the dangers of a restricted diet may be seen in the disease known as “beri-beri“. (79) It used to distress large numbers of Eastern peoples who lived mainly on rice. In the early years of this century, a scientist named Eijkman was trying to discover the cause of “beri-beri“. At first he thought it was caused by a germ. He was working in a Japanese hospital, where the patients were fed on polished rice which had the outer huskremoved from the grain. It was thought this would be easier for weak and sick people to digest.Eijkman thought his germ theory was confirmed when he noticed the chickens in the hospital yard, which were fed on leftovers (剩饭) from the patients” plates, were also showing signs of the disease. He then tried to isolate the germ, but his experiments were interrupted by a hospital official, who declared that the polished rice, even though left over by the patients, was too good for chickens. It should be recooked for the patients, and the chickens should be fed on cheap rice with the outer layer still on the grain.Eijkm