怎样合理地使用字面翻译与意译OnHowtoUseLiteralandFreeTranslationinaProperandRationalWayI.IntroductionTranslation,nomatterasakindofculturalphenomenon,thinkingmovement,orasasortofcareer,intellectualskill,willalwayshaveacloserelationshipwiththebackgroundofourlivingtime.Notonlyitsideaandmethodbutalsoitsmode,criterionandgenre,allofthemadvancewiththetimes.Afterobservingthepracticingactivitiesandtheoreticalresearchofinternationalandinternaltranslation,itcomestoaconclusionthattranslationisoneofthevigorousandpenetrativeareasintheculturalandideologicalprogress.Nowadays,mostscholarsinthescopeoftranslationbelievethatliteraltranslationandfreetranslationarethetwofeasiblewayswhenpeopletranslating,butbothofthemnotonlyhavedifferencesbutalsohaveassociations.Atthesametime,moderntheoreticalresearchoftranslationdemonstratedthattranslationactivityisnotonlyatransformationoftwodifferentlanguages,butalsoacommunicationofdifferentcultures.Thus,thispaperaimsatfindingaproperandrationalwayintranslationthroughthedetaileddescription,analysis,judgmentofliteralandfreetranslation,andthecomparativeresearchoftranslatabilityanduntranslatabilityoflanguagestyle.II.TheLiteralandFreeTranslationTherealwaysexisttwodifferenttranslationversions;oneistranslatedbyitsliteralmeaning,andanotherversionwillnottakemuchaccountofitsoriginalform.So,itcausesanargumentbetweenliteralandfreetranslation.Asisknowntoall,literaltranslationandfreetranslationaretwobasicmethodsofEnglish-Chinesetranslation.Then,afterall,whatistheliteraltranslationandwhatisthefreetranslation?2.1TheConceptsofLiteralandFreeTranslation2.2.1TheConceptofLiteralTranslationLiteraltranslationreferstotranslateasentenceoriginally,keepingtheoriginalmessageform,includingconstructionofsentences,meaningoftheoriginalwords,metaphors,nationaldistinguishingfeaturesoftheoriginaltextsandsoon.Itemphasizesthedoublecompoundingincontentandform.Thatistosay,thetranslationshouldreflecttheoriginalmoreloyaltynotonlyincontentbutinform.However,literaltranslationdoesnotmeanword-for-wordtranslation.Forexample:Translatorsshouldnottranslate“Mr.Billingscannotbedeterredfromhisplan”into“比林斯先生不能被阻止去实行他的计划”inChinese,andalsodonottranslate“Wesawanacrobatstandingonhishead”into“我们看见一个杂技演员正站在他的头上。”inChinese。Then,pleaselookatthefollowingexamplesintheliteraltranslationways:(1)ButIhatedSakamotoandIhadafeelingthathedsurelyleadustoourancestors.TheChinesemeaningis“但是我恨坂本，并预感到他肯定会领着咱们去见祖先。”Herethe“hedsurlyleadustoourancestors”canbetranslatedinto“他肯定会领着咱们去见祖先”,inChineseliterally.Itnotonlyexpressestheoriginalmeaningbutalsokeepsthemetaphoroforiginaltextsothatthetranslatedtextwouldbefluentandeasytobecomprehendedbytargetlanguagereaders.Butifitistranslatedinto“他肯定会领着咱们去送死”inChinese.Itcanexpressthecontentoforiginaltext,thetranslatedtextisalsofluentbuttheoriginalformhasbeenlost.(2)HitlerwasarmedtotheteethwhenhelaunchedtheSecondWorldWarbutinafewyearshewascompleteddefeated.TheChinesemeaningis“希特勒在发动第二次世界大战时是武装到牙齿的，可是不过几年就被彻底击败了。”The“armtotheteeth”isavivididiomwhichalwaysbeentranslatedinto“武装到牙齿”inChinesesincethebeginningofliberationinChina.Butifitistranslatedinto“全副武装”inChinese,thetoneofspeakingwouldbecomemoreweakened.Therefore,thisisthebriefintroductionofliteraltranslation.2.2.2TheConceptofFreeTranslationWhilefreetranslationneednotpayattentiontotheoriginalform,includingconstructionoftheoriginalsentences,meaningoftheoriginalworks,metaphoroftheoriginalformsandsoon.Thatistosay,freetranslationdoesnotattachimportancetoformandliteralmeaning.Itpaysmoreattentiontotheconsistenceofspiritualessence.Butfreetranslationdoesnotmeantodeleteoraddcontenttotheoriginalworksandtranslatorsmustconsidertheoriginaltextscarefully,knowitsstress,translateitnaturally,andexpressthemeaningoforiginalones.Takingacommonsayingasanexample:“Thereisnopotsouglyitcantfindalid.”TheChinesemeaningis“姑娘无论多么丑也能配个汉子。”.Iftranslatorspursueitssimilarityinformunilaterallyandoverlookitsrealmeaning,thenthissentencecanbetranslatedinto“没有丑到配不上一个盖子的罐子”inChinese.TheChinesemeaningwouldbeinfluentandnoteasytobecomprehendedbytargetlanguagereaders.Letusseeotherexamples:(1)“Shewasbornwithasilverspooninhermouthshethinksshecandowhatshelikes”.TheChinesemeaningis“她生长在富贵之家，认为凡事都可以随心所欲。”.Here,“bornwithasilverspooninherm