状语从句状语：修饰：谓语动词或某个句子的“词，短语，句子”；用来说明谓语动词发生的时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、目的、程度、等。状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：（1） 通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；（2） 修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；（3） 表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须访在时间状语之前；（4） 一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态 动词之后，动词之前。 有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成男孩喊教室里的女孩 （此时in the classroom为girl的定语），也可以理解为男孩在教室里喊女孩 （此时in the classroom为地点状语），最好写作In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.副词（短语）作状语：The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（时间状语） 介词短语作状语：In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语) 分词（短语）作状语：He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语）Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）不定式作状语：The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business.为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣. 句子做状语：He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.在他来中国之前，他已经掌握了一些中文。 We wont start until Bob comes.我们不会开始的，直到鲍勃来了我们在开始。状语从句种类：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句 总括：类别连词 时间状语从句when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once（一旦）地点状语从句where, wherever 原因状语从句because, since, as, for, now that（既然，由于）（etc.=and so on等等）目的状语从句in order that(为了，以便), so that, etc. 结果状语从句sothat, so that, suchthat, that, etc. 条件状语从句if, unless, as(so)long as, in case that etc. 让步状语从句though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, as, etc. 比较状语从句asas, soas, than, etc. 方式状语从句as, as if, as though, etc. 1. 时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如：It was raining hard（rain hard 下大雨） when got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.As he walked along（沿着走） the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：The young man read till the light went out（熄灭）.Lets wait until the rain stops. We wont start until Bob comes. Dont get off（从下来） until the bus stops.【Till是指直到某一特定事件发生的时候，而在那个时刻之后，该事情或状况仍将持续。 Until是指直到某一特定事件发生的时候，而讲话的人在自己心里认为，在那个时刻之后，该事情或该状况将中止 （不怎么可能持续）。固定组合里from morning till night，till/until是不能替换的，】2. 条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如：What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?Dont leave the building unless I tell you to.(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow.He wont be late unless he is ill.(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurry up, or youll be late. =If you dont hurry up, youll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam.还有：as long as / so long as 只要. in case that 以防.3. 原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如：He didnt come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not （不得；不应该）go the zoo.Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：-Why arent going there?-Because I dont want to.As he has no car, he cant get there easily.Since we have no money, we cant buy it.(3) because和so不能同用在一个句子里。4. 结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由sothat, suchthat, so that引导。例如：He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it.A ：sothat语such.that可以互换。例如： 由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。 其结构是: “.so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。例如：He was so glad that he couldnt say a word.The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever（几乎不，从来不） see her.B ：suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.（天花板）He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.有时可以互换。例如：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.It is such a