2022高考英语一轮基础练 Unit 13 People（含解析）北师大版必修5 阅读理解AFriendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them.Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need panionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft. If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to express their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief.“No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life.As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of closeness is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in ones life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Regardless of the level of closeness, all friendships are based on reciprocity (互惠), honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.1.Who are more likely to suffer from psychological disorders without friends?A. Teenagers.B. Adults.C. The elderly.D.A couple.2.What does the sentence “No man is an island” really mean?A. No man is willing to live on an island.B. Man usually doesnt go to an islandC. Everyone is related with our society.D. Our society is just like an island.3.What can we learn about outgoing people?A. They like being alone.B. They are fond of making friends.C. They have intense friendships.D. They have fewer close friends indeed4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?A. The formation of close friends.B. The number of real friends.C. Honesty, love and affection.D. Factors to determine the degree of closeness.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论讲述的是友谊的重要性。不论是青少年还是老年人，都需要朋友的陪伴。没有人是孤立的，每个人都是社会的一部分，都需要他人的爱、陪伴和关心。人人需要友谊，需要归属感。1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段首句“Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders.”可知，没有朋友的青少年更可能遭受精神疾病。故选A。3.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段尾句“Outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.”可在，外向的人喜欢交朋友。故选B。4.D 【解析】段落大意题。通读最后一段可知，本段讲述亲密程度是由许多因素决定的，不管亲密程度如何，友谊都是建立在互惠，真诚，爱和情感的基础上的。B(2017河北石家庄第一次模拟)When I was about ten years old, I was walking down the street with my mother.She stopped to speak to Mr.Lee, and I knew I could see Mr.Lee any time around the neighborhood, so I didnt pay any attention to him.After we passed Mr.Lee, my mother stopped me and said something that has stuck with me from that day until now.She said，“You let that be the last time youve ever walked by somebody and not opened up your mouth to speak, because even a dog will wag its tail when it passes you on the street.” Mothers words sound simple, but its been a guidepost for me and the foundation of who I am.Its not just something I believe in; its bee a way of life.I believe that every person deserves to feel someone acknowledge their presence, no matter how humble(卑微的) they may be.At work, I always said hello to the founder of the pany and asked him how our business was doing.But I also spoke to the people who cleaned the buildings and asked how their children were doing.After a few years of greeting the founder, I had the courage to ask him for a meeting.We had a great talk.At a certain point I asked him how far he thought I could go in his pany.He said, “If you want to, you can get all the way to this seat.”Ive bee vice president, but that hasnt changed the way I approach people.I still follow my mothers advice.I speak to everyone I see, no matter where I am.Ive learned that speaking to people creates a pathway into their world, and it allows them to e into mine, too.【解题导语】作者小时候因为在路上没有给邻居打招呼而受到了母亲的批评。母亲的话使作者悟出了主动与别人交流的重要性。1What did the author do when he met Mr.Lee?AHe talked with somebody else.BHe was attracted by a dog.CHe greeted him politely.DHe ignored him.D解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段的“so I didnt pay any attention to him”可知，作者的母亲与邻居说话时，作者没有在意邻居，故选D。2What kind of person is the authors mother?AOptimistic.BKindhearted.CStrict. DOpenminded.C解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段的“You let that be the last time