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主动语态与被动语态的意义与用法(详细!一定要详细!)标签:主动语态,被动语态,用法 请各位英语高手们多多帮忙! 回答:4 人气:12 解决时间:2008-09-10 14:25 满意答案好评率:0% 5)短语动词是不可分割的整体,改为被动语态时要保持其完整性,介词或副词不可遗漏。如: We must take good care of the young treesThe young trees must be taken good care of 6)含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时,通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句子后面;也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know,say,believe,find,think,report等。如: People believe that he is illIt is believed that he is ill(或:He is believed to be ill) 3被动语态改为主动语态的方法: 被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语(或按题意要求确定主语),按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,此时要把被动语态中的to去掉。被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如: History is made by the peopleThe people make history 4不能用于被动语态的情况 1)某些表示“静态”的及物动词(表示状态而不是动作,而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词)如have,fit,suit,hold(容纳),cost, suffer,last(持续)等不能用于被动语态。如: They have a nice car他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。 My shoes dont fit me我的鞋不合适。 My brain cant hold so much information at one time我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。 How much What does it cost?这值多少钱? Our holiday lasts 10days我们的假期有十天。 This food will last(them)(for)3days这食物足够(他们)(吃)三天。 2)不是所有带介词的动词都能用于被动结构。若是构成成语动词通常有被动态,若不构成成语动词则无被动态。试比较: They arrived at a decisionA decision was arrived at他们作出了决定。 They arrived at the station他们到达车站。(不说:The station was arrived at) He looked into the questionThe question was looked into他调查了这个问题。 3)动词leave(离开),enter(进入),join(参加)不可用于被动语态。如: The car left the road and hit a tree车子离开了道路,撞上了树。 4)某些及物动词可作不及物动词用,特别是后加副词(如well, easily等)时。主动语态有被动含义,这类动词常见的有sell,write, wear,wash,cook,open,close,lock,read,record等。如: His new novel is selling well他的新小说很畅销。The cloth washes well这布很耐洗。 This material wont wear这种材料不耐穿。His play wont act他的戏剧不会上演。 The window wont shut这窗关不上。The door wont open这门打不开。 The door wont lock这门锁不上。This poem reads well这首诗读来很好。 评价答案 您已经评价过!好:0 您已经评价过!不好:0 您已经评价过!原创:0 您已经评价过!非原创:0 畫地爲牢 回答采纳率:30.0% 2008-09-07 18:39 的感言: 感谢,非常感谢 满意答案好评率:20% 英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如: Many people speak English(主动语态) English is spoken by many people(被动语态) 1被动语态的构成 由于不及物动词不能带宾语,故无被动语态,只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态,其基本构成方式是“助动词be过去分词”。 注意:“be过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态,有些动词(如 be,feel,look,seem等)后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,用作表语表示状态。如: My bike is broken(我的自行车坏了。) The door is open(门开了。) 2主动语态改被动语态的方法 1)将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面:将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语;将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be过去分词”结构;将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语,放在谓语动词之后(有时可省略)。 2)含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况:把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍保留原位;把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语,此时,间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。如: He gave the boy an appleThe boy was given an apple(或An apple was given to the boy) Her father bought her a presentShe was bought a present by her father(或A present was bought for her by her father) 3)不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态,改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如: They watched the children sing that morningThe children were watched to sing that morning 4)带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时,一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语,宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如: We call him Xiao WangHe is called Xiao Wang He cut his hair shortHis hair was cut short They told him to help meHe was told to help me
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