New progress in technology of heavy oil catalytic crackingThe Latest Evolution of Heavy Oil Catalytic Cracking TechnologyYA N Ping2xiang , L IU Zhi2chang , GAO Jin2sen , XU Chun2ming , YU Chu2guang , WA N G Dian2f en(State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil , University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China)Abstract : The petroleum refining industry has been required to upgrade more and more heavy oil efficiently , espe2cially the vacuum residua with the decrease of light fraction content in crude oils and the great increase of the de2mand for light fuel oils , such as gasoline and diesel oil. Residua catalytic cracking process has been developed ex2tremely for recent more than one decade as a major technology to upgrade heavy oil. A number of novel technologieshave been developed successfully in heavy oil Catalytic Cracking progress. The latest evolutions of heavy oil catalyticcracking technologies , such as , millisecond catalytic cracking technology , down flow reactor technology , two -stage riser catalytic cracking technology , the new catalytic cracking technology of producing more light olefins , thenew catalytic cracking technology of FCC gasoline to decrease olefins , were introduced in this paper.Key words : heavy oil catalytic cracking ; millisecond catalytic cracking ; down flow reactor ; two - stage risercatalytic cracking ; light olefins ; decreasing olefinsIn recent years, as crude oil and light oil on market demand increased significantly, as the principal means of heavy oil light , one of the heavy oil catalytic cracking wide attention. At present, the heavy oil FCC FCC production capacity account for the world production capacity of over 25%. In our country, the heavy oil ratio in crude oil production in recent years cases continues to increase, and with the rapid economic development in China, market for light oil demand to rise very quickly, which requires oil refineries in China industrial heavy oil additional, especially depth processing residue. according to statistics, now about 130 sets of catalytic cracking unit in China, 90% above the processing residues, blending residue from 1989 in total plus 18.52% to 43 of the 1997.64%1. therefore, rapid development of heavy oil catalytic cracking technology, and developed many new techniques, such as: MSCC process, Downer anti- catalytic cracking process, two-stage riser fluid catalytic crackingprocess, producing olefins of FCC naphtha catalytic cracking process, decreasing alkene hydrocarbon process.1 New technology of heavy oil catalytic cracking unit1.1 Millisecond catalytic cracking (MSCC) processFCC unit of light oil products such as gasoline, diesel is through a cracking reaction. But for many reasons, at present, high riser design, leading to oil and gas with catalyst exposure time is too long, riser upper secondary cracking reaction occurs, resulting in light oil yield decline, gas production rate increase, increase of Coke. so, FCC area of many technology are set in shortened catalytic Agent and oil and gas of contact time, and reduced II times cracking reaction area, as upgrade tube end fast separation technology, these technology clearly to indicates that shrink short oil and gas and catalyst of contact time has clear of superiority: reduced has II times reaction, and reduced has dry gas of production rate and health Coke rate to and the improve has generated light oil of selective. Is the use of these more, United States BAR-CO company developed the millisecond catalytic cracking process (MSCC) 2. The process uses a new atomization system, oil and gas and catalyst of contact hours in milliseconds. Catalytic agent contact with the feed tube design and promotion system is fundamentally different. vertically downward catalyst in curtains, reaction product and collections agent level flows through the reaction of and catalysts and oil and gas quickly . The advantage is that: in response, catalyst does not decline , significantly reduces secondary cracking reaction, so that you can get high selection of alternative products; low regeneration temperature, heat facilities can be cancelled; Low Coke yield, dry gas and liquefied petroleum gas, liquid yields higher, gasoline effects of n-values are improving, catalyst attrition is low; MSCC installation cost lower than that of riser reaction system, it was reported that a MSCC reaction regenerator lower installation costs than a riser reactor system20%30%. UOP company used technology developed by riser to contrast with the MSCC process. UOP company riser technology has been proven to be superior technology: have high opti2 mix feed Distributor and high sealing the VSS riser end separation system. Results show that MSCC process than the promotion of advanced tube response technology operations with better product distribution and selective, low and started the long cycle of characteristics 1.2 Downer reactor for