AW模板新概念（原创首发-重新解析与归纳）关于模板我在此好好跟大家分析分析。9 D( - c+ A6 M) q先说A3 1 r) L1 Y+ i有关A的开头和结尾没有什么特别的，简洁明了最好，但适当的饱满些也是可取的。为了节省考场上的时间，提前写好很重要。) Y) W. s7 s9 i2 k( 2 w8 g我的开头和结尾如下：: L# M) Y3 J1 Y1 ) g7 Q% j K, cThe author of this argument attempts to convince us that (结论), based on his hypothesis and reasoning. Meanwhile, the author also cites a series of evidences in order to bolster the recommendation/claim. The assumption underlying in this argument is not without merits, nonetheless I find that the argument is unconvincing for several logic flaws. The main flaws of the argument would be discussed respectively.0 I) u& E- ?/ J; u# ! h; Q ) z0 R5 BTo sum up, in this well-presented but not thoroughly well-reasoned argument, the conclusion lacks authenticity since the evidence quoted in the analysis lends feeble support to what the author espouses. To make it logically acceptable, we would need more concrete information with reference to the assumption and take into account all the dimensions discussed in the above analysis. Accordingly, only with more logical reasoning could this argument turn to be more than just an emotional appeal.: $ 3 N/ f0 p! R8 h) v4 M/ W开头结尾解决了就是中间的分析部分了。0 p! E1 * : I% s# j( P7 L3 X2 g3 L我分析的思路是这样的，并不是一段一个错误，而是一段一类错误。我中间写四段，采用的攻击方式是：8 R- : C, y7 G _! ?( K4 P$ i/ Z第一次攻击：论据的有效性* v8 P9 F% K9 g模板如下： y$ ?c. m& B# fF, M& T1 k2 C: JTo begin with, the evidence should be showed to be reliable before I can accept any conclusion the author arrives at based on it. The author cites the evidence collected during the investigation; however I thoroughly doubt the validity of arguments. In the first place, (无效调查1). In the second place, (无效调查2). In the third place, (无效调查3). Hence, without considering these conditions the author cannot draw any firm conclusion based on the studys result.9 , I+ 5 F- t% W! m7 |* U- l% Z0 c) V/ i& e0 C& s5 d3 Z看得出，这段攻击的都是调查方面的有效性问题，看过所有的A你会发现，绝大多数都是调查一个事件然后得出某个结论，所以我们可以采用这种方式来攻击。, h) m- l! P: 6 B6 4 E, o( 4 x那么都有哪些无效调查？又该怎么写呢？) $ e: H4 U& Z9 _关于无效调查： 6 n$ Y, SX4 v1.数量太少/时间太短： |5 o6 N$ s$ WJust 数量/时间 does not make sense. b% H% y& V8 y; A1 c8 A& c数量is a relative small number, it could not represent all* E; W/ g J, e% W0 A/ O l时间is not enough to draw a conclusion.& C) 3 ( x5 3 C* G2.缺少数量：（一般2+4）8 v0 7 Y& . x2 VHow broad the survey was? The survey lacks the number of (调查对象) who were investigated. If the survey was limited to a few (调查对象), the results might be attributable to those particular individuals. That means3 / S; q7 D+ ! Y* mthe smaller the sample, the lesser reliable the results. $ F+ U: WX T+ b3 , p7 ? _3.缺少时间：! ?! C0 u% 9 n: f7 M# T8 The author fails to point out that when the survey was conducted. If it is a long time ago,5 Z B4 S! u e: n4 s9 Git is impossible that insufficient data have been gleaned to draw such a conclusion, an unconvincing one./ _ o+ L3 i4 G9 l6 x4.调查过程：8 u5 x, V0 L! _7 x4 DEven if the survey was broader, one must consider whether it was limited in certain ways. For example, whether are the respondents chosen enough randomly so that its the representative of the overall (调查对象)? Was the survey limited in special groups? * t6 ! O0 X0 q; X6 z, |4 lWas the survey limited to a certain city or geographic region? Whether is the number of feedback sufficient?0 - x9 W3 F4 o/ w- u0 P5.缺少信息：( F K/ A# j- t: K9 eThere is no statistics or other information to prove that% N2 F8 X% Qf4 & u是个调查就会犯上述错误，坛子有些文章分析的错误太多太杂，我在这里就给做个总结，不信你可以试试，每道题都可以找到对应的。9 x% A1 ! s& i: c4 o, T+ V; + I S* _- M5 b8 Y, ?第二次攻击：假设的合理性=其它可能性（假设论据有效）( U- n& Q( S& |0 c模板如下：% A5 7 i. 2 p, T+ 6 # k* aAdditionally, to say the least, even though the evidence is valid, I still have to suspect the rationality of the assumption. As it stands, the author neglects other problems and probabilities concerning this argument. Firstly, (错误1).Secondly, (错误2). Moreover, (错误3). In a word, unless the author offers better evidence to eliminate these and some other alternative explanations,9 f* G! ?$ i* m6 e! z6 L, reasonable skepticism cannot be cast on this assumption.; w7 a1 B, O% O* v这一部分就是要找我们平时所谓的一些高度逻辑的错误，比如像因果关系，错误类比，无理假设等等。在此先假设论据有效，然后在此基础上再给出其它的可能性来。( G, U- E! u; v3 M常用句型有：+ 8 | Q! + _ ?1. The author believes that This may be true in some cases, but it is entirely possible that5 t/ V. B4 Q) x+ m- m3 V2. Another element to consider is this: perhaps) x& P9 E. z, |- b: T3. And in all likelihood,4 q% / L# E: M6 e( Y4. The author provides no evidence to support that this is the case, nor does the author establish a causal relationship between and . It is much more likely that ) S# s1 K. G, Q3 g5. No evidence shows3 m D3 o8 6 e( e6. The author does not indicate that! S6 N+ 4 V: c+ q, , J7. The author fails to provide any evidence to prove thathave any relationship withdirectly.1 m0 I9 . CJ y0 g4 g% O# ! H* d6 B8 I第三次攻击：