J I A N G S U U N I V E R S I T Y本 科 毕 业 论 文 变速器壳体10孔组合钻床设计The designantion of a combination drilling machine for transmission shell学院名称： 专业班级： 学生姓名： 陈李星 指导教师姓名： 指导教师职称： 2012年 6月目 录第一章 绪论61.1 机床在国民经济的地位及其发展简史61.2 组合机床的国内、外现状71.2.1 国内组合机床现状71.2.2 国外组合机床现状71.3 机床设计的目的、内容、要求71.3.1 设计的目的71.3.2 设计内容81.3.3 设计要求81.4 机床的设计步骤81.4.1 调查研究81.4.2 拟定方案81.4.3 工作图设计8第二章 组合机床的总体设计92.1 组合机床方案的制定92.1.1 制定工艺方案92.1.2 确定组合机床的配置形式和结构方案92.2 确定切削用量及选择刀具102.2.1 确定工序间余量102.2.2 选择切削用量102.2.3确定切削力、切削扭矩、切削功率102.2.4选择刀具结构112.3钻孔组合机床总设计“三图一卡”的编制112.3.1被加工零件工序图112.3.3机床联系尺寸图162.4 多轴箱的设计182.4.1绘制多轴箱设计原始依据图182.4.2多轴箱的传动设计182.4.3主轴及通用传动轴结构形式的选择方案202.4.4通用齿轮及其他通用件及传动轴轴承型号的选用20第三章 夹具设计213.1 机床夹具的概述213.1.1机床夹具的组成213.1.2 机床夹具的类型223.2 工件结构特点分析223.3 工件定位方案和定位元件的设计223.4 夹紧方案和夹紧元件的设计223.5 本机床夹具的特点223.6 夹具体的设计233.7 定位支承系统设计233.7.1 定位支承系统的设计原则233.7.2 定位支承元件及其布置243.8 导向装置设计243.8.1 导向装置的作用243.8.2 固定式导套的设计243.9 夹紧机构设计273.9.1 夹紧方案的确定27第四章 结论28参 考 文 献29致 谢30变速器壳体10孔组合钻床设计专业班级： 学生姓名：指导教师： 职称：摘要 本论文主要说明组合机床设计的基本过程及要求。组合机床是按高度集中原则设计的，即在一台机床上可以同时完成同一种工序或多种不同工序的加工。组合机床发展于工业生产末期，与传统的机床相比：组合机床具有许多优点：效率高、精度高、成本低。它由床身、立柱、工作台、及电源一些基本部件及一些特殊部件，根据不同的工件加工所需而设计的。在组合机床上可以完成很多工序，但就目前使用的大多数组合机床来说，则主要用于平面加工和孔加工两大类工序。论文主要内容包括四大部分：（1）制定工艺方案 通过了解被加工零件的加工特点、精度和技术要求、定位夹紧情况、生产效率及机床的结构特点等，确定在组合机床上完成的工艺内容及加工方法，并绘制被加工零件工序图。（2）组合机床的总体设计 确定机床各部件之间的相互关系，选择通用部件和刀具的导向，计算切削用量及机床生产效率、绘制机床的尺寸联系图及加工示意图。（3）组合机床部件设计 包括专用多轴箱的设计，传动布局合理，轴与齿轮之间不发生干涉，保证传动的平稳性和精确性。专用主轴设计、轴承的选用及电机的选择等。（4）液压装置的设计 液压滑台、定位夹紧装置均为液压控制。并采用了许多液压控制阀，保证了运动的平衡性，循环性和精确性。另外，本文还涉及到大量的设计和计算，包括：（1）主轴的选择和传动布置，以保证加工过程中被加工零件的精度；（2）传动轴的设计和校核，以保证轴的刚度；（3）齿轮的设计、计算，对齿轮的强度和刚度进行校核；多轴箱部分是本次设计的重要环节，本次设计中它的设计既要保证工作台的运动的合理、平衡和准确，又要满足工作要求。在本文中的大量设计、计算使它在理论上满足了设计和工作的要求。关键词：组合机床 设计 过程 功能Abstract This thesis mainly elucidates the basic process and requirements that design of the combination machine. Combination machine is designed according the fundamental , which highly centralized ,or , more correctly it can process one working procedure or more different working procedures at one time . Combination machine was developed in the end of industrial production compared with traditional machine; combination machine has many advantages , such as high efficiency , high accuracy and low cost . It is composed of some general parts , such as bed ,column ,work able ,power unit ,and some special parts designed according to different work piece machining need. The preface of a lot of works can be completed on the combination machine, but in regard to the majority current usage of combination machine, then and primarily used for the flat surface to process and the bore to process two big work preface. The main part including :(1) Formulating technological plan We,ve learned the characteristic of the part designed ,accuracy and specification ,locating and fixing ,productivity and machining structure by the practice .Then the technological operation and work order can be determined which can be finished in combination machine.(2) Combination machine frame design determines the interrelation of the different part in the machining tool ,select general parts and tool oriented .Then compute cut feed and productivity finally draw a sketch map of the machine .(3) Combination machine parts design including headstock、proper transmission layout 、shaft and gear move freely without interference which ensure the stability and accuracy during transmission ,then design dedicated select bearings and engine etc.(4)Hydraulic pressure equipment design slipway and locating and fixing device are all controlled by hydraulic pressure .It adopts many hydraulic control valves ,which ensure the stability ,circulation and accuracy . In addition ,the thesis deals with amount of components devices and calculations ,including :(1) Choice of the main shaft and disposal of transmission , by doing so to ensure the accuracy of components machining in process when the main shaft rotating; (2)The device and check of the transmission shaft ,so it can assure the rigidity of the shaft is allowable ;(3) Gear device and calculations ,check the performance in the strength and rigidity of it ;headstock is a very important part in this thesis ,the design of it here not only ensures the rationality 、equipoise and stability of the motion of the slipway ,but also satisfies the requirements of different work environment .So many design and calculations about it in this thesis suggests this system fully meets the requirements in design and work theoretically.Key words combination machine design process function第一章 绪论1.1 机床在国民经济的地位及其发展简史经济迅速发展的今天，人们为了高效、经济地生产各种高质量产品，日益广泛的使用各种机器、仪器、工具等技术设备与装备。由于机械零件的形状精度、尺寸精度和表面粗糙度，目前主要靠切削加工的方法来达到，特别是形状复杂、精度