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初中英语语法梳理和提高数词讲解例题解析数 词 英语数词表示数目或者顺序, 可分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数量,序数词表示顺序。知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点! 一、基数词的构成 11-12的基数词是独立的单词,即: one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight, nine,ten,eleven,twelve。 213-19的基数词以-teen结尾。如: fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18较特殊, 13-thirteen 15-fifteen 18-eighteen。 320-90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如: sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80较特殊, 20-twenty 30-thirty 40-forty 50-fifty 80-eighty。 4十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号-,如:28-twenty-eight,96-ninety-six。 5百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and,如:148-one hundred and forty-eight 406-four hundred and six。 6hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万),billion(十亿)等前面即使有具体的数词,也不能在它们的后面加s。如:600-six hundred,8百万-eight million。 71000以上的数字,从后往前数每三位加一个逗号,第一个逗号前为千(thousand),第二个逗号前为百万(million),第三个逗号前为billion(十亿)。英语中无万这个词,我们可以用几十个千(thousand)表示几万,几百个千(thousand)表示几十万。如:2,510two thousand five hundred and ten;84,296eight-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six;274,350two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty。 二、序数词的构成序数词一般是以与之相应的基数词尾加-th构成,例如 fourth, tenth,但以下的这些基数词变为序数词时, 有特别之处。1.one- first, two - second, three - third, five - fifth, nice - ninth, twelve - twelfth2. 以ty 结尾的单词, 要先变y为I, 在加-eth. 例如:thirty -thirtieth, fifty -fiftieth3. 以one, two, three 等结尾的多位数词, 要将各位数变成序数词。 例如: twenty-one - twenty-first, one hundred and one - one hundred and first 注意: 序数词前常用定冠词, 有时还可以用不定冠词 a/an 则表示 又一 的意思。 例如:Mr Brown has a second car. 布朗先生另外还有一辆车。He has tried a second time. 他又尝试了一次。三、数词的应用1时刻的表示:小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。 几点钟用基数词加oclock。oclock可省略。如: 5点钟-five(oclock) 几点过几分 ,30分钟用介词past。如: 7:05-five past seven;7:15-fifteen (a quarter)past seven;7:30-half past seven。 差几分几点用介词to。如:7:40-twenty to eight;7:45-fifteen(a quarter to eight。 日常生活中的时间读法常常简化,直接按基数词的顺序读。如:7:05-seven o five;7:15- seven fifteen。2年月日的表示:年份用基数词,如:1999年-nineteen ninety-nine; 1900年-nineteen hundred; 2000-two thousand;1905-nineteen o five;年用基数词,日用序数词。如:1998年6月8日 写作:June 8,1998;读作:June the eighth, nineteen ninety-eight或the eighth of June, nineteen ninety-eight。3. 世纪、年代表示法: (在)90年代 (in) the nineties (在)19世纪 (in) the nineteenth century (在)18世纪30年代 (in) 1730s或1730s4编号的表示:Lesson One the first lesson第一课;Bus No3the No3bus 3路公共汽车;表示住所时不用No如:302房间-Room 302(读作:room three o two);如果编号的数词比较长,一般用基数词。如:Page 457第457页;电话号码,用基数词,如:3855633-three eight five five(double five) six three three(double three)。5分数的表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1,分母则加s。如:13 one third,23two thirds;另外:12 a(one)half; 14one fourth或a(one)quarter;34threefourths或three quarters。 half a second; a quarter of a second四分之一秒6. 表示有小数的词用基数词。 5.5 five point five 12.135 twelve point one three five7表示百分数5:five percent (per cent), 0.8 zero point eight percent (per cent).8表示有小数的词用基数词。 5.5 five point five 12.135 twelve point one three five 9其他用法:1)基数词单数名词形容词构成合成形容词。如:一个五岁的男孩a five-year-old boy; 一座800米长的桥an 800-metre-long bridge;女子400米接力girls400-metre relay race。2)具体数词metre(s)kilometre(s)kilo(s)long high tall deep away等。如:长江长6300公里。The Changjiang River is 6,300 kilometres long3)表示几十岁用序数词,eg. 在他三十几岁时 in his thirties4)倍数的表达:(一倍用once,两倍用 twice,两倍以上用基数词times。如:5倍five times)。例如:He is as tall a boy as I.He is a head taller than I .He is two years older than IChina is four times as large as Europe.I am twice as old as you. (=I am twice older than you. /I am twice the age of you.)My books are twice as many as yours.China is four times larger than Europe.(=China is four times the size of Europe.)I pay twice as much as it was worth.I pay twice as much for the house.例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! 1. _ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympic. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 2. Both of the rules are broken. I want to buy a _ one. A. three B. third C. forth D. /3). - Which is the smallest number of the four? - _. A. Two- thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths4). Please write down the new words in the text of _. A. Lesson Eleven B. the Lesson Eleven C. Lesson Eleventh解析:1.基数词hundred, thousand, million, billion 等前有具体数字时,它们后面不能加s,若这些词后面有介词of (几百,成百上千) ,thousands of (几千,数千个),millions of, billions of 前不可用数词修饰。但可用many, some, several 等修饰。故选答案D. 2答案: B。此题主要考查序数词的运用。 3答案:C。此题主要考查英语中的分数表示法。英语中表示分数时,分母用序数词,分子用基数词,当分子大于1时,表示分母的序数词后要加s. 4答案: A。 此题主要考查基数词的编号。在通常情况下,名词编号有这几种表示法: 1。事物名词+基数词,且每个单词的首字母都要大写。如:Lesson Eleven;2。定冠词+基数词+事物名词。如: No. 6 Middle School练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!选择填空:1._
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