分词(69-74)分词分词是动词和形容词的混合一. 修饰名词的现在分词现在分词+名词1. A drowning man will catch at a straw. 此时表进行2. I saw a lot of falling stars last night. 此时表主动名词+现在分词1. I know the girl talking to the teacher.I know the girl who is talking to the teacher.2. The woman waving from the window is my mom.The woman who is waving from the window is my mom.重点现在分词伴随着受词,补语,或副词也可作形容词使用a heartbreaking storya hardworking mana man-eating tigera healthy-looking manan English-speaking people 名族,可数a life-saving machine重点形容词化的现在分词(已经是形容词了)an exciting gamean interesting performancean amusing jokea charming ladya promising boy 有前途的男孩重点有些现在分词放在形容词前,可当副词使用,用以加强形容词的程度freezing colda burning red dress 火红的洋装boiling hot 酷热scorching hot 酷热dripping wet 湿淋淋的二. 修饰名词的过去分词过去分词+名词1. A broken bottle lay on the floor. 2. The tired worker took a rest.名词+过去分词1. Shirts made of silk are rather expensive.Shirts which are made of silk are rather expensive.2. We keep a dog named/called Snoopy.We keep a dog which was/is named/called Snoopy.重点形容词化的过去分词1. He was/looked surprised at the news.The news was surprising to him.2. I am very satisfied with the result.3. How pleased she will be to see you!4. How learned he is. 博学重点和形容词相同,the+现在分词/过去分词,可当名词,表一类人the dying (those who are dying) 垂死的人the killed and the wounded (those who were killed and wounded) 死伤者注意此三者视为单数the accused 被告the deceased 死者the unexpected 不可预期的事重点现在分词或过去分词当形容词代表的意思不同A. 不及物动词的现在分词表进行不及物动词的现在分词表完成1. falling leaves (leaves which are falling)fallen leaves (leaves which have fallen)2. boiling water (water which is boiling)boiled water (water which have boiled)B. 及物动词的现在分词表主动令人的及物动词的现在分词表被动感到的1. a refreshing breeze 清爽的微风feel refreshed 感到清爽2. a frightening scene 令人恐惧的画面a frightened child 感到恐惧的小孩3. a disappointing mattera disappoint look 感到失望的表情三. S+V+C(分词)现在分词可作go, come, keep, lie躺, sit, stand, walk等动词之后主词补语,用以表示伴随着的动作1. The children came running to meet their parents.2. We stood looking at the monkeys.过去分词可放在appear, seem, look, become, feel, get变得, sit, lie, remain等后,用以表示动作所产生的结果1. The house appeared/looked/seemed deserted.2. She sat surrounded by her grandchildren.四. S+V+O+C(分词)现在分词可作感官动词look at, see等和keep, leave(让保持), set设定, start, catch, find等动词后的受词补语1. He left the engine running.He let his daughter watch TV. Let是语气轻的使役动词,有允许之意2. We heard the rain beating against the window.用beat表纯粹陈述一件事情用beating表那时候正在3. The smoke started her coughing.Start sb. Ving 使某人开始过去分词可作为感官动词及let, like, make, want, would like, wish等动词后的受词补语1. I couldnt make myself understood in English. 我无法用英文表达我的意思I couldnt make myself understand English.2. I would like this work finished by noon.重点have+O+现在分词1. 表允许用于否定句I cant have the children playing in my room. 我允许小朋友玩,表达一种状态I had the children play in my room. 我叫小朋友玩2. 表使;让She had the children laughing again. 她让小朋友又笑了起来,表达一种状态She had the children laugh. 她让小朋友笑have+O+过去分词1. 表使得使役I had my hair cut yesterday.2. 表被有被害之意I had my money stolen.五. 分词构句A. 分词构句的形成原则上,主要子句与分词构句主词一致1. When I opened the door, I heard a strange sound.Opening the door, I heard a strange sound.主次相同,省略; 连接词视情况省略2. As I was ill, I couldnt go to school.Being ill, I couldnt go to school.B. 分词构句的含义a. 表时间意指when, while等1. Seeing the accident, she began to cry.When she saw the accident, she began to cry.2. Keeping him waiting outside, she did her shopping.do shopping在买, go shopping逛逛而已While she kept him waiting outside, she did her shopping.b. 表原因,理由意指because, since, as等1. Because he is a kind man, he is loved by everyone.Being a kind man, he is loved by everyone.2. Because I didnt know what to say, I remained silent.Not knowing what to say, I remained silent.c. 表附带状况1. I ran all the way, and I arrived just in time.I ran all the way, arriving just in time.2. I washed the dishes as I listen to my favorite music.I washed the dishes, listening to my favorite music.d. 表条件if1. If you turn left after the bank, you will see our house on you right.If turning left after the bank, you will see our house on you right.If 不可省2. If you arrive earlier, you will have to wait for a while.If arriving earlier, you will have to wait for a while.e. 表让步though, although1. Though I admit (that) youre right, I still cant agree with you.Admitting youre right, I still cant agree with you.子音+母音+子音 双写加ing2. Although he lives near my house, he seldom comes to see me.Living near my house, he seldom comes to see me.分词构句的位置句首Hearing the news, he got angry.句中Romeo, believing that Juliet was dead, decided to kill himself.句尾The teacher went out of the classroom, mumbling something.六. 分词构句的被动态,完成形,否定形A. 被动态(being)+p.p.being后是p.p.则可省略, 若为名词,形容词,则不可1. As he was exhausted by his hard wor