同济大学博士研究生入学考试模拟试题二 Part Listening Comprehension(略) Part Reading ComprehensionPassage 1 Few people would defend the Victorian attitude to children, but if you were a parent in those days, at least you knew where you stood: children were to be seen and not heard. Freud and company did away with all that and parents have been bewildered ever since. The childs happiness is all-important, the psychologists say, but what about the parents happiness? Parents suffer continually from fear and guilt while their children gaily romp about pulling the place apart. A good old-fashioned spanking is out of the question: no modern child-rearing manual would permit such barbarity. The trouble is you are not allowed even to shout. Who knows what deep psychological wounds you might inflict? The poor child may never recover from the dreadful traumatic experience. So it is that parents bend over backwards to avoid giving their children complexes which a hundred years ago hadnt even been heard of. Certainly a child needs love, and a lot of it. But the excessive permissiveness of modern parents is surely doing more harm than good. Psychologists have succeeded in undermining parents confidence in their own authority. And it hasnt taken children long to get wind of the fact. In addition to the great modern classics on childcare, there are countless articles in magazines and newspapers. With so much unsolicited advice flying about, mum and dad just dont know what to do any more. In the end, they do nothing at all. So, from early childhood, the kids are in charge and parents lives are regulated according to the needs of heir offspring. When the little dears develop into teenagers, they take complete control. Lax authority over the years makes adolescent rebellion against parents all the more violent. If the young people are going to have a party, for instance, parents are asked to leave the house. Their presence merely spoils the fun. What else can the poor parents do but obey? Children are hardy creatures (far hardier than the psychologists would have us believe) and most of them survive the harmful influence of extreme permissiveness which is the normal condition in the modern household. But a great many do not. The spread of juvenile delinquency in our own age is largely due to parental laxity. Mother, believing that little Johnny can look after himself, is not at home when he returns from school, so little Johnny roams the streets. The dividing-line between permissiveness and sheer negligence is very fine indeed. The psychologists have much to answer for. They should keep their mouths shut and let parents get on with the job. And if children are knocked about a little bit in the process, it may not really matter too much. At least this will help them to develop vigorous views of their own and give them something positive to react against. Perhaps theres some truth in the idea that children who have had a surfeit of happiness in their childhood appear like stodgy puddings and fail to make a success of life. 1. What is implied in the first sentence? A. There is no defense for Victorian harshness. B. Parents are grateful to Freud for his advice. C. Parents can be too strict with their children. D. Child-care books prove sensible and practical. 2. The author says that todays parents_ A. are bombarded with excessive amounts of child-care literature. B. draw a distinction between permissiveness and negligence. C. are partial towards children from happy home backgrounds. D. weigh their childrens intellect rather than intelligence. 3. What does the author wants to illustrate with Johnny roaming the streets? A. An instance of arbitrariness. B. A case of juvenile delinquency. C. An example of responsibility. D. A prototype of classics. 4. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that children who enjoy all-important happiness will_ A. soon gain independence from their negligent parents. B. stay away from the influence of juvenile delinquency. C. avoid being given uncertain psychological complexes. D. grow up to be more immature and irresponsible adults.Passage 2 Ever since this governments term began, the attitude to teachers has been overshadowed by the mantra that good teachers cannot be rewarded if it means bad teachers are rewarded, too. Thats why, despite the obvious need for them, big pay rises have not been awarded to teachers across the board. The latest pay rise was 3.6 per cent-mad in the present situation. Thats why, as well, the long battle over performance-related pay was fought as teacher numbers slid. The idea is that some kind of year zero can eventually be achieved whereby all the bad teachers are gone and only the good teachers remain. That is why the Governments attempts to relieve the teacher shortage have been so focused on offerin