摘 要所谓美国黑人，是历史上被欧洲殖民者劫运到美国的非洲黑人奴隶的后裔，又称非洲裔美国人。属尼格罗人种。其中23为黑白混血种人。通用英语。美国黑人在历史上起过重要作用，他们积极参加美国独立战争和反法西斯战争，屡立战功。对发展美国的经济文化也作出了很大贡献，他们一直是美国农业的主要力量；在钢铁工业中黑人工人约占13，在汽车工业中约占半数；在音乐、文艺、体育方面，黑人的成就更为显著。本文主要从称谓，政治，经济，黑人英语，以及文化等方面来研究美国黑人在历史上角色的演变，充分考察了美国历史文化，选取在各个领域最有代表的美国黑人以及对美国黑人地位演变有着巨大推动作用的人物，从正面和侧面来证明如下结论：美国黑人从奴隶到总统这漫长的历史中，在实现族种平等摆脱奴隶制度的艰难过程中，付出了血与泪的代价；美国黑人角色的演变和地位的提高标志着美国民主制度的逐步完善。推而广之，一个种族，一类群体要想在其所属的领域占有一席之地，有所建树，是要从各个方面来提升自己并拼搏的，即中国古语所说的文武双全；反之，要看一个种族，一类群体是否在其所属的领域地位和角色有所提升，是要从各个方面考察的。总之，道路是曲折的，可是，前途却是光明的。关键词: 奴隶制度 美国黑人 角色演变 ABSTRACTAfrican-Americans are persons from America who are members of a race of people who have dark skin, originally from Africa. They were transported to the United States by European colonizers and called African, Negro, Colored, and Black in history. The original role of the African Americans in American society is African slaves. Though they lived in poor accommodations and lacked adequate food, they made a very positive contribution to American society in history.（Pollard, 2004）This study is mainly concerns on the evolution of African-Americans role-play in American society from the following aspects: appellation, politics, economy, Black English, literature, etc; this study is through great information about American history and culture, conspicuous representatives from respective field to analyzing African-Americans evolutionary roles in detail directly or indirectly.From this paper, some conclusions can be drawn. In the process of slipping slavery, fulfilling racial equality, improving American democratic system, African-Americans play a significant role in American society. They deserve a higher status in American society after all that life-long hard work with terrible cost of the revolution in death and suffering.Through analyzing that, get a deeper conclusion that it need all-round promotion in improving the role of some group of weak race or minority in society though bleeding and difficult it may be. We should respect them. Their experiences prove that process is winding, and future is promising.Key word: Slavery African American Evolutionary Role 目 录1.引言11.1 美国黑人的定义21.2 美国黑人的原始角色及概况21.3 制约美国黑人发展的因素32从称谓变化看美国黑人的角色演变42.1 非洲人42.2 有色人42.3 尼格罗52.4 黑人52.5 非洲裔美国人63从政治和经济角度看美国黑人角色演变83.1 亚伯拉罕林肯的解放黑人奴隶宣言83.2 马丁路德金的我有一个梦想123.3 芭芭拉乔丹的正义之声143.4 贝拉克奥巴马的“是的，我们可以”163.5 美国黑人对经济所做出的贡献204从黑人英语看美国黑人角色演变214.1 黑人英语概述214.2 黑人英语的起源214.3 黑人英语的地位245从文化角度看美国黑人角色演变255.1 音乐255.2 体育275.3 文学27结论29致谢30参考文献30CONTENTS1.Introduction11.1 The Definition of African Americans21.2 The Original Role of African Americans21.3 The Main Factors that shape African Americans32 The Evolution in Appellation42.1 African42.2 Colored42.3 Negro52.4 Black52.5 African American63 The Evolution of Aframericans Roles in Politics and Economy83.1 Abraham Lincoln and the Emancipation Proclamation83.2 Martin Luther King and I Have a Dream123.3 Barbara Jordan and Her Voice for Justice143.4 Barack Obama and Yes We Can173.5 African Americans Contribution to Economy204 Black English224.1 Introduction of Black English224.2 The Historical Origins of Black English224.3 The Role of Black English255 The Evolution of Aframericans Roles in Culture265.1 Music265.2 Sports285.3 Literature28Conclusion30Acknowledgements31Bibliography32Opinions and suggestions on the partys mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unified deployment, according to municipal Party committee about carrying out the partys mass line educational practice activity in the citys implementation opinions, the spirit of the partys mass line educational practice activities from 20* in January to 99 months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grass-roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following implementation opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping book series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice , party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of for the people pragmatic honest people as the theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across