外文翻译附录1瓦斯抽放技术方案及设计（节选）吉利米柯（美）3. 1 瓦斯抽放原理及理论依据在全部垮落法管理顶板的采煤工作面,沿采面推进方向,顶板一般呈现煤壁支撑影响区、离层区和重新压实区三区,在离层区的垂直方向上,又可以分为冒落带、裂隙带和弯曲下沉带。由于瓦斯密度较小,随着采面的向前推进,瓦斯将沿离层区的冒落带向上飘逆,从而在冒落裂隙带内大量积存。这些瓦斯一部分永久滞留在采空区内,一部分又在通风负压的作用下从老塘和上隅角涌出进入回风流。顶板岩石钻孔抽放瓦斯技术正是利用布置在煤层顶板中的钻孔,在抽放泵负压的作用下,改变采空区内冒落裂隙带内积存的这部分瓦斯流向,使之通过抽排系统直接进入矿井总回风中,不再进入采面和回风流,从而达到降低采面隅角和回风流瓦斯浓度的目的。3. 2 钻孔设计根据经验公式h=m/(k-1)cos计算。告成煤矿煤层冒落裂隙带高度在1441m之间(式中,h为冒落裂隙带高度;m为煤层厚度;k为岩石碎胀系数;为煤层倾角)。根据各个工作面的实际情况,结合实际冒落裂隙带高度,分别设计每个钻场钻孔的角度进行打钻、抽放。3. 3 钻场、钻孔的布置(1) 钻场布置。沿工作面回风巷每隔4050m施工一个壁龛式钻场,钻场深5m,采用2.6m2.8m工字钢对棚支护。(2) 钻孔布置。在钻场内向采面切巷方向以不同的方位角和不同的倾角布置钻孔,钻孔终孔控制切巷隅角以内20m左右,钻孔长度为钻场间距的2倍,孔径6589mm,相邻两钻场之间钻孔的交叉长度保持在40m以上,以保证钻场钻孔的接替。钻孔的数量根据采面该区段瓦斯涌出量大小而设定。3. 4 打钻工艺(1) 钻进器具的选择。根据“三软”煤层滑动构造顶板条件,钻机钻进能力与钻孔设计长度之比要达到1.5的比例,即施工钻孔长度100m 时,钻机能力要达到150m以上。另外,钻杆直径要达到51mm以上,以满足抗扭矩能力要求,防止断钻杆。(2) 钻进速度。采用传统的旋转钻进,钻进速度较慢,为此,我们与科研院所合作,探索打钻新工艺,采用风动冲击钻进,月进尺达到1500m/台以上,完全能够保证采面钻场的正常接替。(3) 钻场维护。在软岩层中钻孔极易塌孔和堵孔,影响钻进和抽放效果,我们采取多次注浆固结钻孔和下塑胶多孔管方法解决了这一问题。3. 5 封孔工艺根据钻场迎头岩层的不同情况,采用了两种不同封孔方法。(1)孔口管直接封孔法。如果钻场迎头岩层比较完整,裂隙较少,直接下孔口管到钻孔中,然后将整个断面喷浆封闭,要求喷层覆盖整个钻场迎头断面及以外不少于2m巷道。孔口管直径为100mm,长3m,利用外端的法兰盘直接与抽放支管联接,该方法优点是工艺简单,加工方便,容易操作;缺点是开孔时要用大直径钻头对封孔部分进行扩孔(我矿使用127mm 钻头扩孔),原来密封性较差,但通过注浆加固,已解决了密封性问题。(2) 聚胺脂封孔方法。封孔前将钻场巷道全部喷浆封闭。封孔管使用50mm钢管,长6m,将封孔管分为各1.5m长的两节,在最里边一节钢管两端各焊一个挡板(相距1m,挡板直径略小于钻孔直径)。将一块1m 1m毛巾的一边固定在两个挡板之间。封孔时,先将聚胺脂15A型和B型两种药液(1kg/个)倒在容器中迅速搅拌均匀,将封孔管上的毛巾展开,将混合液体均匀糊在毛巾上、边糊边卷、然后将封孔管插进钻孔中的预定位置,整个过程必须在1min内完成。每个钻孔封孔长度为5m,其密闭性能好。3. 6 抽放系统基本情况(1) 抽放系统。采面顶板瓦斯抽放采用移动泵站抽放,配备SK-60真空泵2套。抽放系统布置为:主管250mm 从抽放泵站沿-100m回风巷经采面回风联络巷铺设到采面回风巷各个钻场处与各钻场支管相联,抽出瓦斯由抽放泵站送至总回风大巷中。(2) 测试监控手段。在抽放系统管道内安装WCJX1型瓦斯抽放参数自动监测系统并与矿井监测监控系统联网对抽放负压、压差、抽放浓度、流量、温度进行定时监测。为防止回风大巷瓦斯超限,在泵站排气口下风侧30m处安装瓦斯传感器,并与泵站电源闭锁。(3) 水垢处理。因SK-60泵是水环式真空泵,单采用水转化处理装置,除垢效果不理想。经采用醋酸溶解的办法来解决这个问题,每半月用20kg醋酸将抽放泵泵轴及内槽浸泡8h,反复涮洗去垢,效果比较好。4 结语告成矿先后在8个采煤工作面实施了顶板岩石钻孔瓦斯抽放至今,累计施工抽放钻场76个,钻孔总长度32700多m,共抽出瓦斯量1610万m3,平均单孔抽出瓦斯1.5m3/min,采面平均瓦斯抽放率达到20%30%。采煤工作面配风量从抽放前的1200m3/min以上,下降到900m3/min以下。隅角及回风流中瓦斯浓度平均降低了0.3%0.5%,取得了较好的安全效果。同时充分发挥了采面生产能力,平均每个工作面月产量提高了1.5万多t,创造了较好的经济效益。附录2gas drainage design and technology program M.L.Jeremic3 .1 gas drainage design and technology program All falling in the administration of the coal face roof, Face advancing along the direction , Roof generally shows the impact of coal wall support, Separation zone and re-compaction District 3, Separation in the vertical direction, Can be divided into caving zone, fractured zone and bending subsidence zone. Because the gas density smaller, with the mining face forward, Cubas will be along the separation to take place, inverse floating upward, thus falling within the fracture zone of accumulation. These permanent part of stranded gas in the gob area, ventilation in part to the effects of negative pressure from the old pond and on the ground into the upper corner to Merry. Roof rock drainage gas drilling technology is used in the layout of the roof seam boreholes,Pump suction drainage in the role, Change the gob area falling within the fracture zone accumulation of this part of the gas flow , Make it through pumping and drainage system directly into the return air shaft, No longer enter the mining face and back airflow, Thus achieving lower mining face and the back corner Merry gas concentration purposes. 3.2 Bored Design According to empirical formula h = m / (k-1) cos calculation. Brought to a successful conclusion falling coal seam cracks in height between 14-41m . According to face all the actual situation and in light of the actual falling fracture height, Design of each respective field drilling boreholes drilled perspective, and the drainage.3.3 Drilling market, boreholes Layout (1) drilling field layout. Face to the wind along the roadway every 40 50m construction of a niche market-drilling, Drill Field 5 m deep，Used two. 6m x 2. 8m I-beam right shelf supports.(2) drilling layout. In drilling site to Face Lane in a different direction and different azimuth angle layout bored ，Bored final hole control and Lane corner within 20 m, Borehole drilling length of the field two times the distance, Two adjacent borehole drilling field between the crossover length at 40 m above ，To ensure that the borehole drilling market to succeed. Bored amount of surface mining in the zone gas emission size settings. 34 Drilling Technology (1) Drilling apparatus choice. Under the soft coal seam roof sliding tectonic conditions, Drilling rigs and drilling design capacity ratio of the length to achieve a. 5 ratio ，Construction is bored length 100 m, the rig capacity to achieve over 150m. In addition, the drill pipe diameter to achieve the above 51mm to meet anti-torque capacity, to prevent broken drill pipe. (2) drilling speed. Using the traditional rotary drilling, drilling a slower pace, To this end, we cooperation with scientific research institutes, Exploration drilling new technology, using pneumatic percussion drilling, On foo