2022年考博英语-山西大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Gratitude is defined as the art of showing（ ）for every kindness, great and small.问题1选项A.motivationB.appreciationC.affectionD.opposition【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项motivation的意思是“动机”；B选项appreciation的意思是“感激，欣赏”；C选项affection的意思是“喜爱，爱慕”；D选项opposition的意思是“反对，敌对”。题干的意思是“感恩就是一种对大大小小的善意表达（ ）的艺术。”根据首单词Gratitude（感谢；感激）我们可知空格处应填与该单词联系度最高的单词，因此B选项正确。2. 单选题Theres a whole（ ）of bills waiting to be paid.问题1选项A.stockB.stackC.numberD.sequence【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。4个选项都有“大量”的意思。A选项stock“储备物；备用物；供应物”，指储存以后拿来用的物品，a stock of“一批，大量储备”；B选项stack“大量；许多；一大堆”，指数量很多的物品，a stack of“一堆，一摞”；C选项number“大量”，a number of“一些，许多”，搭配可数名词复数形式；D选项sequence“序列，顺序”，指有先后顺序和连贯的事物，a sequence of“一系列，一连串”。句意：有一大堆的账单等着你去付。There is 是单数形式，结合语境中一大堆的账单和词组用法，a stack of“一堆”和bills“账单搭配”。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题Despite the（ ）conditions, the road was finished in just eight months.问题1选项A.attachedB.adverseC.adequateD.annual【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项attached “附加的；依恋的”；B选项adverse “不利的；敌对的”；C选项adequate “充足的；适当的；胜任的”；D选项annual “年度的；每年的”。句意：尽管存在种种（ ）情况，公路还是仅用8个月就完工了。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题Many countries have made it illegal to talk into a hand-held mobile phone while driving. But the latest research provides further confirmation that the danger lies less in what a motorists hands do when he takes a call than in what the conversation does to his brain. Even using a “hands-free” device can impair a drivers attention to an alarming extent.Melina Kunar of the University of Warwick and Todd Horowitz of the Harvard Medical School ran a series of experiments in which two groups of volunteers had to pay attention and respond to a series of moving tasks on a computer screen that were reckoned equivalent in difficulty to driving. One group was left undistracted while the other had to engage in a conversation about their hobbies using a speakerphone. As Dr. Kunar and Dr. Horowitz report in Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, those who were making the equivalent of a hands-free call had an average reaction time 212 milliseconds slower than those who were not. That, they calculate, would add 5.7 meters to the braking distance of a car traveling at 100kph. They found that the group using the hands-free kit made 83 percent more errors in their tasks than those who were not talking.Dr. Kunar and Dr. Horowitz also explored the effect of simply listening to somethingsuch as a radio programme. For this they played a recording of the first chapter of Bram Stokers “Dracula.” Even though the test subjects were told to pay attention because they would be asked questions about the story afterwards, it had little effect on their reaction time. The research led by Frank Drews of the University of Utah suggests the same thing is true of the idle chatter of a passenger. Dr. Kunar reckons that having to think about responses during a phone conversation competes for the brains resources in a way that listening to a monologue does not.Punishing people for using hand-held gadgets while driving is difficult enough, even though they can be seen from outside the car. Stopping people making hands-free calls would probably be impossibleespecially because more and more vehicles are now being fitted with the necessary equipment as standard. Persuading people to switch their phones off altogether when they get behind the wheel might be the only answer. Who knows, they might even come to enjoy not having to take calls. And theyll be more likely to arrive in one piece.1.In Kunar and Horowitzs experiments, the subjects who performed tasks while talking（ ）.2.According to Frank Drews, listening to a passenger talking（ ）.3.According to the last paragraph, the law forbidding the use of hand-held phones when driving （ ）.4.The best hope of stopping people from using hands-free phones lies with（ ）.5.The purpose of the passage is to（ ）.问题1选项A.reacted more quickly, but made more mistakesB.reacted more quickly and made fewer mistakesC.reacted more slowly and made more mistakesD.reacted more slowly, but made fewer mistakes问题2选项A.affects drivers more than listening to a storyB.affects drivers more than a phone conversationC.has less effect on the drivers than listening to a storyD.has less effect on the drivers than a phone conversation问题3选项A.has been frequently brokenB.is necessary and feasibleC.has been strictly enforcedD.will arouse heated debate问题4选项A.car manufacturersB.lawmakersC.new technologyD.drivers themselves问题5选项A.call on lawmakers to make strict laws on the use of cell phonesB.inform people of the danger of using cell phones while drivingC.weigh the benefits and harms of using cell phones when drivingD.offer suggestions for drivers who use cell phones while driving【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.语义推测题。根据第二段第三句those who were making the equival