模 一 Read carefully the following excerpt on Historical Debate on Animal Experimentation, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you should the main message of the excerpt, and then on whether we should use animals for experimentation purpose or not You should support yourself with information from the excerpt 。 Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks and Historical Debate on Animal Experimentation As the experimentation on animals increased, especially the practice of vivisection, so did criticism and controversy. In 1655 ， the advocate of Galenic physiology Edmund OMeara said that the miserable tort ure of vivisection places the body in an unnatural state. ” OMeara and others argued that animal physiology could be affected by pain during vivisection, rendering results unreliable. There were also objections on an ethical basis, contending that the benefit to humansdid not justify the harm to animals. Early objections to animal testing also came from another angle-many people believed that animals were inferior to humans and so different that results from animals could not be applied to humans. On the other side of the debate, those in favor of animal testing held that experiments on animals were necessary to advance medical and biological knowledge. Claude Bernard-who is sometimes known as the prince of vivisectors and the father of physiology, and whose wife, Marie Francoise Martin, founded the first anti-vivisection society in France in 1883 -famously wrote in 1865 that the science of life is a superb and dazzlingly lighted hall which may be reached only by passing through a long and ghastly kitchen. Arguing that experiments on animals ?are entirely conclusive for the toxicology and hygiene of man. the effects of these substances are the same on man as on animals, save for differences in degree, Bernard established animal experimentation as part of the standard scientific method. 模拟题二 Read carefully the following excerpt on first-tier cities livability in China, and then write your response in no less than 200 words, in which you should the main message of the excerpt, and then on whether young people should choose the first-tier cities as their dwelling place You should support yourself with information from the excerpt. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization, language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks First-tier Cities Are Barely Livable Most first-tier cities in China are barely suitable for living due to their poor ecological environment, despite rapid economic development and preferential regulations for investment, said a newly released report by a top Chinese think tank on Sunday First-tier cities, including Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, failed to make the list of habitable cities even though they are in the top 10 in terms of commercial advantages, unification of city and countryside, and culture development, according to a report on Chinas urban competitiveness from the National Academy of Economic Strategy under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Beijing ranks best in terms of academic resources and intellectual atmosphere, second-best in business environment and sustainability, and third in cultural industry. But it dropped to 74th and 119th in habitable and ecological environment, the report said Huang Hui, a 27-year-old software engineer from Beijing, said he found the report objective. Beijing has the best medical, academic resources compared with other cities, but its not necessarily the best choice when it comes to being habitable, he said. I m proud of the cultural diversification sacrifices the most basic essentials ，air development. ” in the city ， but and water ， simply in it s a pity exchange for that Beijing all the rapid In the past decade, there have been mounting problems in cities nationwide, including traffic jams, housing tension and food safety issues However, many first-tier cities, despite their outstanding barely people-oriented and hardly satisfactory in ecological protection, LI said. competitiveness, are High housing prices have become the main reason that some cities are increasingly uninhabitable. With other reasons including poor air quality and traffic congestion, he said. According to the report, livabili