www.beichenjiaoyu.cn授课主题时态复习教学内容课前回顾知识梳理知识点1：时态复习（一）现在完成时考点分析。现在完成时时间状语for、since引导的状语，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years，recently, lately . 下列句型中常用现在完成时1 It is the first/second time.that.结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时It is the first time that I have visited the city这是我第一次参观这座城市It is the third time that the boy has been late这是这个男生第三次迟到了2 This is the. that. 结构，that 从句要用现在完成时This is the best film that I ve (ever) seen这是我看过的最好的电影This is the first time that Ive heard him sing这是我第一次听他唱歌3 It is / It has been + 时间段+ since .It has been/ Its 5 years since we last met.自从上一次我们相遇到现在已经是五年了Its / It has been 3 months since the man died 那人死去3个月了4 一段时间+ 完成时结构+ since 引导的时间状语从句Two years has passed since I came here.在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.（二）过去完成时考点分析（考核重点）。常用过去完成时的几种情况：（A） 在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。 By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. (B)表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/ thought / wanted / expected或 用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned + to have done。（C）“时间名词 + before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词 + ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.（D）表示“一就”的几个句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时。We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.We arrived home before it snowed.（三）一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别：1 概念区分：一般过去时所表示的一个或一段过去时间是可以具体确定的，与其他时间没有牵连。它所表示的事情纯属过去与现在情况没有联系。现在完成时表示的事情发生在不能具体指出的现在以前的过去产某个或某段时间。它所表示的事情与现在情况有关系，是过去事情在现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。2一般过去时常用的状语： yesterday, last night, two days （months, weeks） ago, at that time 等； 现在完成时常用的状语有already, just （刚刚）, yet, never, before 等；从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语有：today, now, lately, recently, in the last / past few days / years （在过去的这几天/年里）。since then, up to now, so far （至今）等。3比较下面几组句子，体会两种时态的不同：He served in the army from 1952 to 1954. （这是过去的一件事）He has served in the army for 5 years. （现在他仍在军中服役，他是个军人）He wrote many plays when he was at college. 他上大学的时候，写了许多剧本。（写剧本是他过去的事）He has written many plays. 他写了许多部剧本。（这意味着他是剧作家）I saw Hero last year. 去年我看了英雄这部电影。（看英雄的时间是去年，与现在时间无关）I have seen Hero before. 注意：我以前看过英雄这部电影。（强调现在还知道这部电影的内容。以前看过，但“以前”是表示一个与现在有联系的过去时间，而不是一个确定的与现在无关的过去时间。）（四）一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别：概念区分：一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言的，过去完成时则是对过去某一时刻而言。两种时态建立的时间参照点不同。对过去完成时来说，这一个时间参照点十分重要，它是过去完成概念赖以建立的基础，也是和一般过去时相区别的重要标准。常用时间状语：过去完成时的时间状语常用by 和before 引导的短语表示，如by that time, by the end of, before 2000, by the time 句子等。（五） 过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别：1、两种时态都常与一段时间和状语连用，但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作（句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语），而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的劝作（句中有表示过去特定时间的状语）。2、比较下面的说法She had been ill for a week before she came back. 她在回来之前就生病一个星期了。（回来发生在过去某一时间，发病发生在过去的过去）She has been ill for a week. 她生病一个星期了。（现在仍在生病）（六）动词时态的一些典型用法1、在if, unless, even if 引导的条件状语从句中，在when, before, until （till）, as soon as, the moment, once 引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句是将来时往往出现will / shall或主句是祈使句或者是含有情态动词/ can / must的句子时，从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。如： Ill go with you as soon as I finish my work. The new secretary need report to the manager as soon as she arrives. Can I join your club, Dad? You can when you get a bit older.If city noises are not kept from increasing, people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.2、表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose, want 等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。如：I had hoped to see more of Shanghai. 我本希望在上海多看看。（但未能如愿）I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment. 我本想去帮你的，但当时确实太忙了。I had thought you would come tomorrow. 我原以为你明天才来呢。3、某些固定句式中的动词时态是固定的、约定俗成的。 This / It is the first / secondtime that 从句。that 从句一般用现在完成时，如：This is the first time I have come here. 如果把前边的is 改为was，则that 从句用过去完成时。It was the third time （that） he had made the same mistake. It is / has been 一段时间 since 从句。 It is 50 years since sdthe Peoples Republic of China was founded. be about to dowhen意为“即将（这时）突然”。如：I was about to go out when the telephone rang. be（was /were） doing when 意为“正在干（这时）突然”。如They were reading when Tom shouted。 Hardly had donewhen ; No sooner had donethanwhen 和than 从句里用一般过去时，表示“刚刚就”。如：Hardly （No sooner） had I got home when （than） the rain poured down. 我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。 It be 一段时间 before 从句这个句式分两种情况：如果主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来时，意为多长时间以后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为多长时间后发生了某事。如：It wont be long before he succeeds. （ He will succeed soom.）It w