2022职称英语考试模全真拟试题综合类B级第二套6Early or Later Day CareThe British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents duringThe sensitive“attachment” period from birth to three may scar a childs personality andI predispose to emotional problems in later lifeSome people have drawn the conclusion fromBowlbys work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails，and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion Firstly，anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents；found in modem societies does not usually exist in traditional societiesFor example，in some tribal societies，such as the Ngoni，the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alonefar from itSecondly，common sense tells US that day care would not be so widespread today if parentscare-takers found children had problems with itStatistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out，and even if they were，the results would be certain to be complicated and controversialThirdlyin the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care，and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neural or slightly positive effect on childrens developmentBut tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.But Bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effectsThe possibility that such care might lead to，say，more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statisticsWhatever the longterm effects，parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with。Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappinessAt the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy，and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this timeThe matter，then，is far from clear-cuff，though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants词汇：psychoanalyst n精神分析学家一心理分析学家 insulate vt隔绝rear vt抚养 predispose引起易感性care taker n.照看者，看管人 entail vt蕴涵infant n婴儿 anthropologist n人类学家练习：1 Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?A)Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day carfor children at the age of three or olderB)Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in childrenC)The first three years of ones life is extremely important to the later development of personalityD)Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than childrenover three2 Which of the following is derivable from Bowlbys work?A)Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of threeB)Day care nurseries have positive effects on a childs developmentC)A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problemsin later lifeD)Baby care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a childs s personality3 It is suggested that modem societies differ from traditional societies in thatA)the parentschild relationship is more exclusive in modem societiesB)a child more often grows up with his(her brothers or sisters in traditional societiesC)mother brings up children with the help of her husband in traditional societiesD)children in modem societies are more likely to develop mental illness in later years4 Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlbys theory?A)Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on childrens developmentB)The fact that there are so many nursery schools today shows that day care is safeC)The separation of young children from their parents is common in some traditionalsocietiesD)Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with5 Which of the following best expresses the writers attitude towards early day care?A)Children under three should stay with their parentsB)Early day care has positive effects on childrens developmentC)The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statisticsD)The effects of early day care on children are exaggerated and parents should ignore the issue