to do动词不定式 doing 动名词 doing 现在分词 done 过去分词动词充当谓语时的特征He read books. / He told me the story. / He told me that they would go.He came early./He read books carefully.小结：非谓语动词To read books is her habit.主 系 表Her habit is to read books.He got up early to tell me that theywould go and that he would go with them.小结：二次结构分析第一节 动词不定式（一）不定式的句法功能1 主语To learn English is very important.-It is very important tolearn English.It be adj to do It took me 100 Yuanto buy the clothes. It takes sb time /money/energy to do sth It took him about half a year to finish the paper/treatise.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）For John/us to learn English isvery important.-It is very important for us to learn English.It is considerate /thoughtful of you to give mehelp.=You are considerate to give me help.kind stupid foolish silly clever intelligentsmart cute brightIt is very important forstudents to observe/obey/abide by therule.It is very important to have agood command a foreign language.It is very importantto get master of a foreignlanguage.He spent about half a year (in)finishing/on the paper.It took him about half a year to finishthe paper.It takes sb time/ money/ energy to do sth.2 宾语(1)主+谓+宾He promised to come early.I cant afford to buy the blue castle.He pretended to read books.I hope to meet you next week.I want to beat him.I want to be beaten.(2)主+谓+宾+宾补I think it easy to learn English.3 表语His dream is to go to college.He is to blame for the caraccident. 4 充当定语 to do to be done主动式 He is the firstperson to come. 主动关系 主动式He is the first one to come. 主动关系被动式I like the lab to be built.被-动-关-系 被动式The lab to be built is beautiful.被-动-关-系 主动式I have a lot of work to do.被动关系 动宾关系A to do B to be done C to be doing D to have done There is no seat to sit on.5宾语补足语/主语补足语（1）普通动词后面所带的宾语补足语I thinkEnglish easy.Englishisthought easy.He asked me to give speech.I was asked to give speech.He invited me to have dinner.I was invited to have dinner.He wanted the TV set to be fixed.I want him to be beaten. He warned me not/never to be fired.=I was warned not/never to be fired.Inspire sb to do sth encourage sb to do sthurge sb to do sthappeal sb to do sthallow sb to do sth（2）感官动词和使役动词后面所带的补足语find see hear watch make have 过程I heard her sing asong next door.=She was heard to singa song next door.片段I heard her singing a song next door.=She was heard singinga song next door.I heard him being beaten next door.=He was heard being beaten next door.make have I made him hand in his assignment. =He was made to hand in hisassignment.I had John show me around thecampus.6状语（1）目的状语 Thousands of people went to southin order to/so as to/to earn a living.To/In order to earn a living, thousands of people went to south.为了小结：（2）结果状语He hurried to the railway station only to find that the train hadgone.He hurried to the station, only to find that the train hadgone.（3）原因状语He was delighted to find that he passed the exam.注：一. 主动形式-被动意义 1 . 充当定语He had a lot of work to do.2. 充当表语He is _for the car accident.A to blame B to beblamed3. 充当宾语 The chair looks hard, but the chair is comfortable to sit on.复合谓语The lecture is hard to understand.复合谓语I dont know what to do.4. _I think the lecture hard_.A to understand B to be understood.二.不定式的否定式(放在不定式的前面)1.充当宾语He pretended not to see me. 2 充当表语His goal is to go to college, not to work.3.补足语He appealed us not/never to settle the disputethrough arm forces.He warned us not/ never to befired.4.状语He worked hard in order not to learnsomething. so as to 三. 动词不定式的逻辑主语1. 宾语He wanted to have the fruit.The little Tom wanted to be taken to the theater.2 主语For them/students to observe the rule is important. For us/students to learn English is important. It is very important for studentsto obey the rule.3.宾语补足语His parents expected him to take over thecompany.he was expected to take over the company.I want him to be beaten.4. 定语There is a lot of work for us/John to do.5. 状语They tried their best to study hardin order to go to the keyuniversity.Parents always give lots exercises to their children for them to have blissful future.四 疑问词 + to do （it）what to do how to do it why to do it when to do it where to do it which one tochoose1.充当主语 How to solve the problem is still unknown.What to do is a problem.2. 宾语I dont know what to do.I dont know how to solve the problem.He told us what to do.They talked about what to do.(二)动词不定式的时态与语态(充当宾语时的特征)1一般式I hope to see you next week. V.-V. He pretended to read books.V.-V.I hope to see you next week.V.-V. 前 后 He wanted to be taken to the theater.