初二年级（中）【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语1. give a concert2. fall down3. go on4. at the end of5. go back6. in ahurry7. write down8. come out9. all the year round10. later on 11. at times 12. ring sb. up 13. Happy New Year! 14. have a party 15. hold on16. hear from17. be ready 18. at the moment19. take out 20.the same as21. turn over22. get-together23. put on24. take a seat25. wait for26. get lost27. just then28. first of all29. go wrong30. make a noise31. get on32. get off33. stand in line34. at the head of35. laugh at36. throw about37. in fact38. at midnight39. enjoy oneself40. have a headache41. have a cough42. fall asleep43. again and again 44. look over45. take exerciseII. 重要句型1. be good for sth.2. I think 3. I hope4. I love5. I dont like6. Im sure7. forget to do sth.8. take a message for sb.9. give sb. the message 10. help yourself to sth.11. be famous for sth.12. on ones way to13. make ones way to14. quarrel with sb.15. agree with sb.16. stop sb. from doing sth.III. 交际用语1.Whats the weather like today?2.Its cold, but quite suuny.3.How cold it is today!4.Yes, but itll be warmer later on.5.Shall we make a snowman?6.Ok. Come on!7.Happy New Year!8.May I speak to Ann, please?？9.Hold on, please.10.Thanks a lot for inviting me to your party.11.Ok. But Im afraid I may be a little late.12.Can I take a message for you? 13.Thats OK. It doesnt matter. 14.Im very sorry, but I cant come.15.Im sorry to hear that.16.Happy birthday!17.Would you like .? Would you like to .?18.Do you think .? Yes, I think so. / No, I dont think so.19.Do you agree? Yes, I agree. / No, dont really agree. I really cant agree.20.There are a few / a lot of . / on it.21.So do we.22.Im happy you like it.23.Which is the way to ., please? 24.Turn right/left at the . crossing. 25.Go on until you reach .26.How can I get to .? Go down/up/along this road.27.Whats the matter?28.Itll take you half an hour to . 29.Wed better catch a bus. 30.It may be in . Ah, so it is31.You must be more careful!32.You mustnt cross the road now.33.If you want to cross a street, you must wait for the green light.34.Please stand in line.35.You must wait for your turn.36.If you dont go soon, youll be late.37.I dont feel very well.38.My head hurts.39.You mustnt eat anything until you see the doctor.40.Whats the trouble?41.Whats the matter with?42.She didnt feel like eating anything.43.Nothing serious.44.Have/get a pain in45.No problem.46.Take this medicine three times a day.IV. 重要语法1. 一般过去时；2. 反意疑问句的用法；3. 一般将来时；4. 感叹句；5. 简单句的五种基本句型；6. 情态动词can, may和must, have to的用法；7. 时间状语从句和条件状语从句。【名师讲解】1. above/ over/ on 这三个介词都表示“在之上”，但含义不同。on指在某物的表面上，和某物接触；above指在某物的上方，不和某物接触，但也不一定在某物的正上方；over指在某物的正上方，不和某物接触。试比较：There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。I raise my right hand above my head. 我把右手高举过头。There is a stone bridge over the river. 河面上有座石桥。2. forget to do sth./forget doing sth.forget to do sth.意思是“忘记做某事”，实际上还没做；forget doing sth,意思是“忘记做过某事”，实际上已经做过了。试比较：I forgot to tell him the news.我忘记告诉他这条消息了。I forgot telling him the news.我已经把这条消息告诉他了，我却忘了。类似的词还有：remember, regret等。3. hope/wishhope和wish 在汉语中都有“希望”的意思，但其含义和用法有所不同。主要区别如下：(1)wish可以用来表示不可实现的愿望；hope只能用来表示可能实现的愿望。例如：I wish I were 20 years younger.我但愿自己能年轻二十岁。 I hope youll be better soon. 我希望你能很快好起来。I wish the weather wasnt so cold. 但愿天气不这麽冷。I hope he will come, too. 我希望他也能来。(2)wish可以接sb. to do sth. 的结构，而hope不可以。例如：Do you wish me to come back later? 你是否希望我再来？4. be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb. or sth. (1)be sure to do sth.可以用来表示说话人给对方提出要求，意思是“务必”，也可以用来表示说话人做出的推断，意思是“一定”，“肯定”。例如：Be sure to lock the door when you leave.你离开时务必把门锁好。Its a good film. You are sure to enjoy it.这是一部好电影，你肯定会喜欢的。(2)be sure of/about sb.or sth. 可用来表示“某人对某事有把握”。例如：Im sure of his success.我相信他会成功。I think it was three years ago, but Im not sure about it.我想那是三年前的事情，但我没有把握。5. hear from/hear of hear意思是“听到”，从哪里听到要用from来表示。例如：Ive heard from Xiao Wu that well start out military training tomorrow.我听小吴说，我们明天开始军训。Listen to the tape and write out what you hear from Han Mei.听录音，并写出你从韩梅那里听到的内容。hear from还有一个意思是“收到某人的来信”（=receive a letter from sb.）。例如：I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A. last month. 上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。I heard from her last week. 我上周接到了她的来信。hear of和和hear from含义不同。hear of 意思是“听说”，“得知”（某事或某人的存在），常用在疑问句和否定句里。例如：Who is he? Ive never heard of him.他是谁？我从来没有听说过他。I never heard of such a thing! 这样的事我从来没有听说过。6. Its a pleasure./With pleasure.Its a pleasure这句话常用作别人向你表示致谢时的答语，意思是“那是我乐意做的”。例如：-Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你地帮助。-Its a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。-Thanks a lot. Bye.非常感谢。 再见。-Its a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。再见。类似的话还有 “Not at all.” “You are welcome.” “Thats all right.” With pleasure也用作客气的答语，