人教版精品英语资料（精校版）GRAMMAR 情态动词（二）【语境展示一】 观察下面图画，并试着归纳ought to与should的用法。【自我归纳一】ought to 与should的意思大致相同，都表示 “义务、要求或劝告”，只是ought to比should的语气稍重一些。【拓展一】ought to的否定结构是oughtnt to或ought not to。如：You oughtnt / ought not to leave in such a hurry.【语境展示二】 观察下面图画，并试着归纳must与have to的用法。【自我归纳二】must 与have to 都表示“必须”，但must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to 表示的是客观需要，有“不得不”的含义。【拓展二】must的否定形式must not / mustnt 表示“不应该，不可以，不准，禁止”在回答must的问句时，否定式常用need not / neednt或dont have to 表示“不必”。如： You must not drive without a license. Its against the law. Must I eat here?No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. 【语境展示三】 观察下面图画，并试着归纳“情态动词+have done”结构的用法。【自我归纳三】 should have done 表示“本应该做而实际上没做”，其否定形式shouldnt have done表示“_”；neednt have done表示“过去不必做而实际上已经做了”；must have done 表示“过去一定做了”。【拓展三】 1. could have done表示“过去本来能够做某事而实际上没有做”。如：He could have escaped, but he chose to stand and fight. 2. may / might have done表示对已经发生过的情况的肯定推测，语气稍弱。might have done还可表示“本可能做某事而实际上没有做”。如：Jane didnt come on time. She may / might have missed the bus.He might have given you more help, but he was very busy then.【即学即练】I. 选用方框内所给的情态动词填空。must; oughtnt to; dont have to; couldnt; mustnt; neednt; cant; have to1. You _ go on working because you look so tired now. 2. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _ have taken the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. 3. Li Hua _ pass an examination before he can start work.4. You _ come to the meeting if youre too busy.5. You _ play now! You shall finish your homework first! 6. I know things are hard with you, but you _ try to get over the difficulties.7. I didnt see her at the meeting this morning; she _ have spoken at the meeting.8. You _ imagine what difficulty we had walking home in the snowstorm.II. 根据汉语提示，将下列句子补充完整。1. We _ _ _ (本应该到达) at lunchtime but our flight was late.2. Mark _ _ _ (本不需要着急). After running all the way, he arrived ten minutes early.3. The teacher did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _ _ _ _ _ (本可以用不同的方式表达).III. 从括号内选择合适的内容完成下面对话。A husband (H) and wife (W) are driving to a party and are lost. W: Were lost. And we dont even have a map. You 1. _ (should take / should have taken) a map. H: I didnt think we were going to need one. I 2. _ (must have made / should have made) a wrong turn. W: Do we need to stop and ask for directions?H: No, we 3. _ (mustnt / dont have to). We 4. _ (can / must) use the cell phone and call the Allens and ask them how to get to their house. W: OK.H: Lets see. I thought I had the cell phone in my pocket. I 5. _ (cant / ought to) find it. I 6. _ (must leave / must have left) it at home.W: No, You didnt leave it at home. Ive got it here in my purse. Oh, no. It is out of power. We 7. _ (have to / may) look for a pay phone. Do you have any change?H: I just have dollar bills.W: You 8. _ (should have taken / must have taken) some change with you. H: Oh, its my fault. W: Watch out! You 9. _ (might have hit / must have hit) that car. H: I wasnt going to hit that car. I didnt come anywhere close to it. W: Anyway we 10. _ (ought to / can) be careful. 参考答案【自我归纳三】本不应该做而实际上做了 【即学即练】I. 1. oughtnt to 2. neednt 3. has to 4. neednt / dont have to5. mustnt / oughtnt to 6. must 7. couldnt / cant 8. cantII. 1. should have arrived 2. neednt have hurried 3. could have expressed it differentlyIII. 1. should have taken 2. must have made 3. dont have to 4. can 5. cant6. must have left 7. have to 8. should have taken 9. might have hit 10. ought to