2021年考研英语(一)真题及答案2021年考研英语(一)真题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollogtet.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyeerciseprecioustohealth.”Butsomeclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysalfilnessLaughterdoesshort-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,heartrateandoygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdiffultto,agoodlaughisunlikelytohavebenefitstheway,say,walkingorjogngdoes.,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,aseercisedoes,laughterarentlyacplishesthe,studiesdatingbacktothe1930sindatethatlaughter.muscles,Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelptheeffectsofpsychologalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesoffeedback,thatimproveanindividualsemotionalstate.oneclassaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrootedphysalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcrytheyaresadbuttheybeesadwhentetearsbentoflow.Althoughsadnessalsotears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflowmuscularresponses.Inaneperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsycholostFritz.1AamongBeceptCdespiteDlike2AreflectBdemandCindateDproduce3AstabilizingBboostingCimpairingDdetermining4AtransmitBsustainCevaluateDobserve5AmeasurableBmanageableCaffordableDrenewable第1页共15页6AInturnBInfactCInadditionDInbrief7AoppositeBimpossibleCaverageDepected8AhardensBweakensCtightensDrelaes9AaggravateBgenerateCmoderateDenhance10AphysalBmentalCsubconsciousDinternal11AEceptforBAccordingtoCDuetoDAsfor12AwithBonCinDat13AunlessBuntilCifDbecause14AehaustsBfollowsCprecedesDsuppresses15AintoBfromCtowardsDbeyond16AfetchBbiteCpkDhold17AdisointedBecitedCjoyfulDindifferent18AadaptedBcateredCturnedDreacted19AsuggestingBrequiringCmentioningDsupposing20AEventuallyBConsequentlyCSimilarlyDConverselySectionIIReadingprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollogfourtets.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtetbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Tet1ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmontohireAlanlbertasitsmusdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassal-musworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisointmentin2021.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassal-muscrit.Oneofthereasonswhytheointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatlbertisparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedlbertsointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthemusdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.Formypart,Ihavenoideawhetherlbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingpositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAvery第2页共15页FisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmus.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmyputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusfromiTunes.Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpubl,classalinstrumentalistsmustpetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theaterpanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassalmusiansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartistqualitythantodaysliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistenerschoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassalconcert.Onepossibleresponseisforclassalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.lbertsowninterestinnewmushasbeenwidelynoted:AleRoss,aclassal-muscrit,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmoninto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merelyepandingtheorchestrasrepertoirewillnotbeenough.IflbertandthePhilharmonaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerasoldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.21.WelearnfromPara.1thatlbertsointmenthasAincurredcritism.Braisedsuspion.Creceivedacclaim.Darousedcuriosity.22.TommasiniregardslbertasanartistwhoisAinfluential.Bmodest.Crespectable.Dtalented.23.TheauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoersAignoretheepensesofliveperformances.Brejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.Ceaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.Doverestimatethevalueoflive第3页共15页performan