2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题If a foreign object becomes lodged in the eye, medical help is necessary.问题1选项A.deposited inB.resided inC.blurry toD.isolated from【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。lodge in意为“固定在，留在”；deposit in意为“存放，存在”；reside in意为“居住，存在于”；blurry to意为“模糊到”；isolate from意为“与隔离”。句意：如果有异物卡在眼睛内，需要医疗救助。2. 翻译题Men live in society not because they are men, but because they are animals. The social way of life is a stage in the evolution of life prior to the appearance of the human race.What is distinctive about man is that he had developed social organization far more quickly than any other animal species, so that it is a giant step in complexity between the most elaborate non-human society and the most elementary society of men. Human society shares characteristics with animal societies; it is formed by a given population of individuals, all belonging to the same species. It shows an internal specialization of tasks. Individuals interact as members of the same species and possess one common language which sets them apart from other species. The level of population is perpetuated by means of biological reproduction and of constant struggle against the environment. Similarities like these became conspicuous when human social organization is compared with that of other primates (灵长目).【答案】【参考译文】人类生活在社会中不是因为他们是人，而是因为他们是动物。社会性的生活方式是生命进化中一个先于人类出现的阶段。人类的独特之处在于他发展社会组织的速度要远远快于任何其他动物物种，所以在区分最复杂的非人类社会和最初级的人类社会之间的复杂性方面，这是一大的进步。人类社会和动物社会具有相同的特点，它是由属于同一物种的特定数量的个体组成；它显示了任务的内部具体化过程。个体作为同一物种的一部分相互接触，拥有着共同的语言，而正是这种语言将他们与其他物种区分开来；通过生物繁衍和与环境的持续斗争，人口数量基本保持不变。当人类社会组织和其他灵长类动物的社会组织作比较时，类似这样的相同之处就变得明显了。3. 单选题Convenience foods which are already prepared for cooking are available in grocery stores.问题1选项A.readyB.approachableC.probableD.obtainable【答案】D【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项ready“准备好的，现成的，迅速的”；B选项approachable“可接近的，可到达的，易理解的”；C选项probable“很可能的，可信的”；D选项obtainable“能得到的，能获得的”。句意：现成的方便食品可以在杂货店买到。Available“可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；有空的”，所以D选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。4. 翻译题Confucius said, “Since the age of 15, I have devoted myself to learning; since 30, I have been well established; since 40, I have understood many things and have no longer been confused; since 50, I have known my heaven-sent duty; since 60, I have been able to distinguish right and wrong in other peoples words; and since 70, I have been able to do what I intend freely without breaking the rules.”The average life expectancy at the Spring and Autumn Periods and Warring States Periods was, according to some research, about 19 years. Confucius lived 72 to 73 years, a rare god of longevity in deed. It was even hard for those with power and leisure to reach such an age. Therefore, Confucius could be very well learned, far from what an ordinary person could expect at his times.The statistics in 2001 shows that the world life expectancy is 62.27 with the Japanese taking the lead to be 79.66 while China gaining a position surpassing all developing countries by its 69.98. However, the Chinese have not yet reached the age to do what they intend freely without breaking the rules. Thus, rules are hard not to be broken.Calculated in the terms Confucius set for us in learning, those of us who have been learning English for ten years still have a long way to go before reaching the time to be established. To have no confusion, one has to spend 25 years. To truly understand the purpose of English learning, one has to do it for 35 years. It takes 45 years if one wants to distinguish right and wrong in other peoples words, and 55 years to manipulate English language freely without breaking the rules.【答案】【参考译文】子曰“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。”根据一些研究，在春秋战国时人的平均寿命大约为19岁。孔子活到了72到73岁，是少有的寿星。在那时，即使是那些有权且生活闲暇的人也很难达到孔子的高寿。所以，孔子的修行是很高的，在当时，非一般人所能企及。2001年的统计数据显示，世界人口平均寿命为62.27岁，其中日本人的平均寿命最高，达到79.66岁，而中国人以平均寿命69.98岁而超过所有发展中国家人口的平均寿命。然而，中国人还没有活到随心所欲而不越出规矩的年龄。因此，不逾矩很难。若以孔子志学的时间推算，我们学习英语10年，还远远不够，因为还没有到而立之年。要想没有疑问，得学25年；要想真正懂得学习英语的目的，得学35年；要想辨别他人英语的好坏，得学45年；要想随心所欲且不逾矩地运用英语，得学55年。5. 单选题The final recommendation was that the employee on probation（ ）a special night class for one semester.问题1选项A.attendB.has attendedC.attendsD.attended【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。表示“建议、要求、命令”等意思的词相关的从句谓语部分要用should +动词原形，should可以省略，因此选A。句意：最终的建议是试用期雇员一个学期参见一次特殊夜校学习。6. 单选题The guests were in a jubilant mood as the wedding began.问题1选项A.exultantB.conciliatoryC.reverentD.receptive【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。a jubilant意为“喜庆洋洋的，欢欣鼓舞的”；exultant意为“狂喜的；兴高采烈的”；conciliatory意为“调解的，安抚的”；reverent意为“恭敬的，虔敬的”；receptive意为“乐于接受的”。句意：婚礼开始时，客人们都喜气洋洋。7. 单选题Successful politicians are good at giving _ answers to questions on difficult issues.问题1选项A.definitiveB.ubiquitousC.ambiguousD.ineffable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项definitive“最后的；最佳的；最权威的”；B选项ubiquitous“普遍存在的；无所不在的”；C选项ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱两可的；不明确的，不明朗的；引起歧义的”；D选项i