Section Learning about Language核 心 要 点 探 究 (教材P45)I would rather work for a small business than a large corporation.我宁愿为一家小企业工作而不是一家大的公司。【要点提炼】句中would rather意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”，后接动词原形，常省略为d rather，表示优先选择的一种方式。其否定形式是would rather not do sth.。would rather没有人称和数的变化。Mr.Li would rather not listen to rock music.李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。 If youd rather be alone，well all leave here.如果你宁愿独自待着，那我们都离开这儿。如果在两者中进行取舍，表示“宁愿而不愿，与其宁可”的意思时，则可用would rather.than.或would.rather than.的句型。使用would rather.than.句型时要注意“平行结构”，即在than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。在疑问句式中，would rather 与would rather.than.中的would要放在主语之前。would rather从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型，从句谓语用一般过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿，还是 好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意待在这里，还是回家？Id rather you didnt go out alone.我想你还是不要一个人出门。用动词的正确形式填空Id rather (stay)at home than (go)out for a walk.There is an important meeting tomorrow.Id rather he (come)【答案】stay；gocame appoint vt.任命，委派；约定；指定(教材P46)Committee members recently appointed me their chairman and have asked me to tell you how much we all appreciate your donation.委员会最近任命我为主席，并让我代为转达我们对您慷慨捐赠的感激之情。The company decided to appoint a new treasurer.公司决定任命一位新财务主管。We must appoint a day to meet again.我们要约定好下次会面的日期。appoint sb.as.任命某人为appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事appointed adj. 指定的；约定的；任命的appointment n. 约定；任命；约会make/fix an appointment with sb.与某人约会If we come to terms，well appoint you as our agent.如果达成协议，我们将指定你为我方的代理。Ive made an appointment with Mr.Smith.我已与史密斯先生有约会。【导学号：28422049】完成句子委员会指定六月的一天进行庆祝。The committee a day in June for celebrations.他被任命为委员会主席。He was Chairman of the council.打电话给他的秘书约定时间。Phone his secretary and 【答案】appointedappointed asmake an appointment raise vt.升起；举起；饲养；提出；引起；筹集(教材P46)We have found it very difficult to raise the money we need to help them as many people are not concerned with their welfare.我们发现筹集我们需要的资金来帮助他们很困难，因为许多人不参与福利事业。Anyone who has questions please raise your hand.任何有问题的人请举起手。I had asked everyone to raise questions in advance of the meeting.我要求大家在会议前提出问题。Can anybody think of a way to raise money?有人能想出筹款的办法吗？明辨异同rise/raiserise是不及物动词，说明主语自身移向较高位置，常用于日、月、云、雾、烟、蒸汽、河水、温度、物价以及人的职位等，无被动语态。raise是及物动词，说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物的，往往有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义。可用于被动语态。The moon has risen above the hills. 月亮已经从山上升起。Heavy rain raised the river stage.暴雨使河水水位升高。完成句子我们正在筹资建一个新病房。We are to build a new ward.目前我们没有提高税收的计划。We have no plans to at present.选词填空(rise/raise)On Monday morning，we were watching the children the national flag，and we saw it slowly in the wind.【答案】raising moneyraise taxesraising；rising语 法 专 项 突 破精要点拨宾语补足语在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。宾语补足语有以下几种。1由动词不定式充当。多数是带to的不定式，也有不带to的不定式。要求带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有tell，ask，invite，force，get，beg，allow，wish，want，like，prefer，intend，expect，encourage，advise，permit，order，warn，cause等。如：I would prefer you not to change your plan.我宁愿你不要改变计划。They encouraged me to try again.他们鼓励我再次尝试。【注意】某些动词如think，consider，believe，know，find等后面作宾语补足语的不定式常用to be adj.的结构。如：We believed him to be stupid.我们认为他很笨。He didnt consider himself (to be) important.他并不认为自己重要。某些动词如make，have，let，see，hear，watch，notice，feel等后作宾语补足语的不定式不带to。如：He made us stay for tea.他让我们留下来吃茶点。Let me introduce you to Miss Li.让我介绍你和李小姐认识。Did you notice me leave/leaving the house?你注意到我离开了(正在离开)那房子吗？【注意】变为被动语态时，不定式符号to必须保留。如：People who wont work should be made to work.必须要不愿工作的人工作。The middleaged man was seen to enter the building.人们看见那中年男子走进大楼。2由ing形式或过去分词充当。(1)当宾语补足语的动作由作宾语的名词或代词发出时，宾语补足语用ing形式。如：He could hear his heart beating fast.他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。Do you smell something burning? 你闻到烧焦的气味了吗？(2)当宾语是宾语补足语发出的动作对象时，宾语补足语用过去分词形式。如：Youd better have the desk painted.你最好请人把课桌漆一下。Ive never heard the song sung.我从未听见那首歌被人唱过。3由名词充当。某些动词如 call，name，make，elect，think，find，consider，appoint后接名词或代词作其宾语，再接名词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的身份。如：He made her secretary.他挑选她当秘书。Her parents died，leaving her an orphan.她父母双亡，使她成了孤儿。They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country.他们把巴黎看作国家的大脑和心脏。4由形容词充当。某些动词如make，paint，keep，find，like，want等后接名词或代词作宾语，再接形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的状态、特征等。有的已构成固定词组。如：Do you like your tea weak or strong? 你喜欢把茶泡浓一点还是淡一点？You must keep the classroom clean.你应保持教室清洁。使用宾语补足语时需注意以下几个问题：1个别动词后可能跟两个名词，但判断它们是双宾语还是复合宾语要看两个名词之间的关系。如果两个名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，则是复合宾语，否则即是双宾语。2有些动词后可以跟多种形式(如动词不定式、现在分词、或过去分词等)作宾补，如：see，hear，feel，have，notice，watch，get等，其宾补的形式要根据其与宾语的主动、被动关系来确定。3不定式作宾补有带to和不带to两种情况。这需要我们记住分别有哪些动词可以如此使用。另外要注意其被动语态。应用落实.用所给动词正确形式填空1When we saw the road (block)with snow, w