课题Book 2 unit 被动语态（ the passive voice )课时第一课时教学目标（1） 语言知识目标：了解八大时态的被动语态的结构，掌握其用法。（2） 语言技能目标：能够在听、说、读、写的各种语言综合实践活动中熟练运用被动语态， 并能应用于现实生活。 （3） 情感态度目标：学习兴趣，探究精神；合作精神。 （4）学习策略目标：学会总结所接触语言材料中的语言规律并加以应用的方法。教学重点了解英语各时态的被动语态，尤其是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、情态动词这些时态的被动语态要熟练掌握。教学难点熟练地用被动语态翻译文章和造句。教学过程Step 1 Warm-up：Daily report Step 2 leading in1.被动语态的概念 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 英语English是动词speak的承受者。Step 3 Explanation1.被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。（1）am/is/are +done （过去分词） 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. （2）has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.（3）am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here.（4）was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.（5）had been done 过去完成时例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.（6）was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there.（7）shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.（8）should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.（9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）例The project will have been completed before July.（10）should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.2. 被动语态的用法a. 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。b. 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。3.主动语态变被动语态的方法1. 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2. 把谓语变成被动结构（be过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。3. 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him.4.含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成， 例如：My bike must be stolen. The work cant be finished in two days.Step 4 PracticeAsk Ss to do the exercise. Then check the answers.1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner.A. are not kept；will have to B. are not kept；haveC. do not keep；will have to D. do not keep；have to2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.A. developed B. have developedC. are being developed D. will have been developed3. _ the sports meet might be put off.Yes，it all depends on the weather.A. Ive been told B. Ive toldC. Im told D. I told4. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completed B. completesC. has been completed D. is completed5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A. cut B. are cutC. are being cut D. had been cut6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A. has been designed B. had been designedC. was designed D. would be designed7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has brokenC. was broken D. had been broken8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.A. have been taken place; have been set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set upD. were taken place; were set up9. That suit _ over 60 dollars.A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost10. Look! Everything here is under construction.Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A. is being built B. has been builtC. is built D. is building11. Do you like the material?Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feeling B. feltC. feels D. is felt12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese.A. write B. to writeC. to be written D. written13. I have no more letters _ ，thank you.A. to type B. typingC. to be typed D. typed14. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.A. wont wash out B. wont be washed outC. isnt washed out D. isnt washing out15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.