1. For hundreds of millions of years, turtles (海龟) have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to handcarry the hatchlings (幼龟) down to the waters edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为 turtles have struggled。For hundreds of millions of years 为介词短语作时间状语。before 为时间状语从句，该从句采用的是there be结构，主语为or连接的三个名词（词组）：natural documentaries，GPS satellites and marine biologists和volunteers，主语后的不定式均为主语的后置定语。lest“以免”引导状语从句，采用虚拟语气。【译文】数百万年以来，海龟们都挣扎着从海里爬出来，到沙滩上产卵，那时候还没有自然纪录片来记录它们的活动，没有GPS卫星和海洋生物学家跟踪它们，没有志愿者用手把小海龟放到水边以防它们被桅灯搞得迷失方向而爬向旅馆的停车场。2. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from “threatened” to “endangered” meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为The figures prompted Oceana。to petition the government为不定式作prompted的状语，to upgrade the level of protection 为不定式作petition的状语。they are in danger help作meaning的宾语，相当于省略了引导词that的宾语从句。【译文】这些数字迫使Oceana向政府请求将对北大西洋大海龟的保护程度由“受到威胁”提升到“濒临灭绝”，这意味着如果没有额外的保护，它们将面临消失的危险。3. But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic sea turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为并列复合句，主架为Nature is indifferent and a report showed a drop。But表转折。by the Fish and Wildlife Service为介词短语作report的后置定语。which can grow to as much as 400 pounds为非限制性定语从句，修饰loggerheads。be indifferent to意为“对无动于衷”。a drop in指“在方面下降”。【译文】但是大自然对人们的平等观念却漠不关心，渔业和野生动物服务组织的一项报告显示，北大西洋好几种海龟的数量都在令人担忧地下降，尤其是一种能够长到400磅重的大海龟。4. The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为 beach are being squeezed。on which eggs为定语从句，修饰beach。squeezed后接了两个由on one side and on the other结构连接的状语：by development和by the threat。of rising sea levels为介词短语作threat的后置定语。as the oceans warm为原因状语从句。【译文】一方面是人类的开发，另一方面是海平面因海水变暖而上升，使得海龟们产卵的狭窄沙滩正在缩小。5. It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land (as egg-laying females, as eggs and as hatchlings), we have neglected the years they spend in the ocean. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为It turns out that。according to Griffin为插入语。that while in the ocean为宾语从句。while在这里为连词，表转折。they spend on land为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰的是the weeks。括号内内容进一步解释they spend on land，as相当于“作为”。they spend in the ocean为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰the years。【译文】按照Griffin的说法，答案是这样：虽然我们对保护海龟们（产卵的母海龟，龟卵，小海龟）在岸上度过的几个星期做得很好，但是我们却忽略了它们在海里度过的岁月。6. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs (恐龙) will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how a creature so ugly could have won so much affection. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为we must or。or表条件。get a handle on sth.指“着手处理某事”。that dinosaurs为定语从句，修饰的是a creature。leaving our 为现在分词短语作结果状语。how a affection为宾语从句，作wonder的宾语。固定短语meet ones end指“迎接末日，即死亡”，at the hands of为，指“出自之手，由完成”。【译文】最终，我们必须着手处理这些问题，否则，这种比恐龙寿命还要长的生物将会在人类手中灭绝，从而给我们的后代留下疑问：为什么这么丑的生物却能获得人们如此多的关爱？7. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为economists say families can。about to go into debt为families的后置定语，to fund four years为不定式作目的状语，of partying, as well as studying为介词短语作后置定语。that college investment为同位语从句，作knowledge的同位语；that should yield huge dividends为定语从句，修饰的是investment，在该从句中，unlike many bank stocks为插入语。【译文】但是，经济学家说，那些即将要负债来支付四年的聚会和学习费用的家庭可以从以下事实得到一些安慰：上大学是一项投资，与银行股票不同的是，这项投资将有巨大的红利。8. A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the “labor-market premium to skill” or the amount college graduates earned thats greater than what high-school graduates earned decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance (报复性地) since the 1980s. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为A 2008 study notes。by two Harvard economists作study的后置定语，说明study的发起者。that引导一个很长的宾语从句，作notes的宾语。在该宾语从句中，主语为the “labor-market premium to skill”，谓语有两个，由but连接，即decreased和has come back。for much of the 20th century和since the 1980s为时间状语，修饰谓语。两个破折号中间的内容为插入语，解释说明“labor-market premium to skill”。在该插入语中，what引导宾语从句，作than的宾语，相当于the amount。【译文】2008年哈佛大学的两位经济学者所做的一项研究指出，“劳动力市场给技能的额外收益”或者说大学毕业生比高中毕业生挣得多的那部分钱在20世纪的大部分时间都在下降，但是从20世纪80年代起，开始迅速回升。9. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesnt come down merely to dollars and ce