2014届高三英语语法要点精讲（配最新高考+模拟）专题18 冠词【考纲解读】冠词虽然只有三个,属于 “小品词”,却因其在英语语言中使用极频繁、用法极灵活,命题者常拿其大作文章。冠词是历年来的考查重点,着重考查以下几个方面：（1）冠词的基本用法,即泛指、类指和特指,如泛指的复数名词和不可数名词前不用冠词、the单数名词表示类指等;（2）冠词的活用,如the younger of the two表示“两个之中较年轻的一个”;（3）冠词的习惯搭配,如in danger, on the phone等。1、概念导图2规律点拨1）不定冠词1表示“相同”相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.2用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某人有类似性质的人或事 Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?Sorry, wrong number. There isnt a Mr. Smith here.That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋）3用于固定词组中a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time 4用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one. 5用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.6用于具体化的抽象名词前a success(具体化) 成功的人或事 a failure 失败的人或事a shame 带来耻辱的人或事 a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需，必备的事a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识 2）定冠词1表示某一类人或物In many places in China, the bicycle is still a popular means of transportation.2用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the rich, the living, the wounded3表示“一家人”或“夫妇”Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons, please?Sorry, we dont have a Johnson here in the village.4用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children.5用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French6用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.7在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990s (二十世纪九十年代)8用于表示度量单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.9用于方位名词，身体部位名词He patted me on the shoulder.3）零冠词1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring 3表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America.4表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前He likes playing football/chess. 5与by连用表示交通方式的名词前We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across the continent. 6以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night7 表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals. 4）有无冠词而意思迥异的短语at play 在玩at the play 在看戏behind time 迟到behind the times 落在时代后by day 在白天by the day 按日计算by sea 乘船by the sea 在海边in front of 在(外面的)前面in the front of 在(内部的前面)in charge of 看护,负责in the charge of 由看护,由负责in secret 秘密地(作状语)in the secret 知道内情(作表语)in course of 在进程中in the course of 在期间in red 穿着红衣服in the red 负债,赤字of age 成年of an age (岁数)同年on fire 着火on the fire 在考虑中on occasion 不时地;必要时on the occasion 在那时out of question 毫无疑问out of the question 不可能to death 十分to the death 到最后five of us 我们中的五人(部分)the five of us 我们五个人(全部)a yellow and white cat 一只黄白相间的猫a yellow and a white cat 一只黄猫和一只白猫in a family way 象一家人一样in the family way 怀孕die of cold 冻死die of a cold 感冒而死have words with 与.争吵have a word with 与.略谈keep house 管理家务keep the house 足不出户take rest 就寝take a reat 休息一下take place 发生take the place of 代替【试题放送】【2012全国II】7. He missed _ gold in the high jump, but will get _ second chance in the long jump.A. the; the B. /; a C. the; a D. a; /【答案】C【解析】此句的第一空特指“跳高中的金牌”，故用定冠词the；第二空意为：再得到一次机会，泛指“一次机会”。句意：他在跳高中失去了金牌，但他在跳远中将得到一次机会。【考点】考查冠词的用法。【2012四川卷】18. We are said to be living in _ Information Age, _ time of new discoveries and great changes.A. an; the B. 不填; the C. 不填; a D. the; a 【答案】 D 【考点】本题考查冠词。【解析】第一空Information Age前加定冠词the为固定说法；第二空根据句意“据说我们正生活在信息时代，一个充满新发现和巨大变化的时代。”用不定冠词。故答案选D。【2012安徽卷】21. Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up meat processing factory of his own one day.A. / ； a B. / ；the C. the ; a D. the ; the 【答案】A【考点】本题考查冠词，science是不可数名词，用the表示特指是不可能的，后面的factory是一个可数名词，用a 表示泛指。【2012辽宁卷】21. I woke up with bad headache, yet by evening the pain had gone. A. the; the B. the; an C. a; the D. a; an【考点】冠词【答案】C【解析】第一空表示泛指；第二空为固定用法，用定冠词the，故选C项【2012全国新课程】22. Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction.A.不填；a B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. the; a【答案】C【解析】第一空特指“已经画完的画”；第二空考查介词短语with satisfaction意为：满意地，作状语。此处satisfaction为抽象名词，在此短语中不用冠词。句意：Sarah满意地看着那幅已画完的画。【考点】考查冠词用法。【2012山东卷】29. Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填；a 【答案】B【解析】此处考查抽象名词具体化。第一空中的a drink意为：一杯饮料；第二空中的a comfort意为：一件令人安慰的事。句意：在那些艰难的岁月里，能买得起一杯饮料是一种莫大的安慰。【考点】考查冠词的用法。【模拟试题】1. 【2012宝鸡一次质检】Li Qun, who graduated from_university in South China, is now studying for her degree in _ European country, Aa, a Bthe, an Cthe, a Da ,an【答案】A 【解析】考查冠词的用法。这里分别指的是华南的一所大学以及一个欧洲的国家，所以用不定冠词表泛指，需要注意的是，空格后的单词university和European，虽然都是以元音字母开头，但是在读音上却是以辅音开头，所以用不定冠词a。2. 【2012郑州高中毕业年级一次质量】 spacecraft Shenzhou VII took off On November 1，2011 at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwest ChinaAThe；the BThe；不填 CA；the DA；不填【答