中国的国土与气候中国位于亚洲东部，太平洋西岸。陆地面积约960万平方公里。除陆地外，中国还有470多万平方公里的广大的海域，渤海、黄海、东海、南海四海相连，环绕着中国的东部和东南部海岸。中国地形复杂，山地、高原和丘陵共约占全国陆地面积的65%，多山是主要地理特点之一。全世界海拔超过8000米的19座山峰中，有7座在中国。国土地势呈西高东低状态。同时，中国又是一个河流湖泊众多的国家，大小河流总长度约22万公里，其中流域面积在100平方公里以上的河流就有5000多条。面积在1平方公里以上的湖泊就有2800多个，其中面积大于1000平方公里的就有13个。中国的陆地面积约98%位于北纬20度至50度之间，因而温带和亚热带所占面积特别广大。这种地理位置导致中国气候的特点首先是季风气候发达，冬季盛行偏北风，夏季盛行偏南风，四季分明，雨热同季，寒潮、梅雨、台风等成为常见的天气类型。显著的大陆性是中国气候的另一特点，主要表现为温度和雨量的变率大，极端差异更大。就1月和7月的平均温度而言，中国冬季气温比同纬度其他国家要低很多，而夏季温度则比同纬度国家高很多。年降雨量随着距海洋里程的增加而递降，从东南沿海的年降水1000-2000毫米以上逐步递减到西北地区的100-200毫米以下。根据地域气候差异，中国可分为三大自然区：（1）东部季风区：约占全国陆地总面积的45%，总耕地的90%，总人口的95%。这里季风影响显著，气候湿润、半湿润，地势大部分在1000米以下，平原广阔、河流众多，是中国主要农耕地区。 （2）西北干旱地区:约占全国陆地总面积的30%，总耕地的10%，总人口的4%，气候干旱、半干旱，天然植被主要为荒漠草原及干草原，是中国主要的牧场。（3）青藏高寒区：约占全国陆地总面积的25%，总耕地的0.8%, 总人口的0.8%，平均海拔高度达4000米以上，大部分地方属于内河流域，寒冬作用和冰川作用强烈。Chinas land and climateChina is located in eastern Asia, the Pacific West Coast. Its land area of about 9,600,000 square kilometers. In addition to land, there are more than 470 million square kilometers of the vast waters of the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, South China Seas are connected , surrounding Chinas eastern and southeastern coast.Chinese terrain is complex, mountains, plateaus and hills of about 65% of the countrys land area, is one of the main geographical features of the mountainous. There are more than 8000 meters above sea level peaks of 19, there are seven in China. Land terrain was from west to east state. Meanwhile, China is a country of many rivers and lakes, rivers and streams total length of about 220,000 km, including drainage area of 100 square kilometers of the river there are more than 5000 pieces.The lakes which are more than one square kilometer more than 2800 and there are 13 lakes which cover more than 1000 kilometers.China s land is about 98% at latitude 20 degrees to 50 degrees, thus the temperate and subtropical area is particularly extensive . This location led to Chinas climate is characterized by well-developed monsoon climate , prevailing northerly winds in winter , prevailing southerly winds in summer.There are many other common type of weather ,like four distinct seasons, rainy and hot season , cold , rainy season and typhoons . Significant continental climate is another feature of China , mainly for changes in temperature and rainfall rate, extreme differences even greater. For January and July , the average temperature , the Chinese winter temperatures than other countries with much lower latitudes , while summer temperatures are much higher than the same latitude countries . With annual rainfall increases from the ocean mileage descending from the southeast coast of the annual precipitation 1000-2000 mm or more gradually decreasing to the northwest region 100-200 mm.According to climate regional differences , China can be divided into three natural parts : ( 1 ) the eastern monsoon region : accounting for about 45% of the total land area , 90% of the total arable land , 95% of the total population . Monsoon influence this region, climate is wet , low-lying mostly in the 1000 meters .plains are vast.there are Chinas major farming regions. ( 2 ) Northwest arid areas : accounting for about 30% of the total land area , 10% of the total arable land , 4% of the total population , climate arid , semi-arid , natural vegetation is mainly desert steppe and steppe , is Chinas major pasture . ( 3 ) Tibet alpine area: accounting for about 25% of the total land area , 0.8% of the total arable land , 0.8% of the total population , with an average altitude of 4,000 meters above the river basin belongs to most places , winter action and intense glaciation .