一 我国主要城市的辐射参数表城市纬度（）日辐射量（KW/m2d）最佳倾角（op）斜面日辐射量（KW/m2d）修正系数（Kop）哈尔滨45.68127033158381.1400长春43.90135721171271.1548沈阳41.77137931165631.0671北京39.80152614180351.0976天津39.10143565167221.0692呼和浩特40.78165743200751.1468太原37.78150615173941.1005乌鲁木齐43.781446412165941.0092西宁36.75167771196171.1360兰州36.05149668158420.9489银川38.48165532196151.1559西安34.301278114129520.9275上海31.17127603136910.9900南京32.00130995142071.0249合肥31.85125259132990.9988杭州30.23116683123720.9362南昌28.67130942137140.8640福州26.08120014124510.8978济南36.68140436159941.0630郑州34.72133327145581.0476武汉30.63132017137070.9036长沙28.20113776115890.8028广州23.13121107127020.8850海口20.031383512135100.8761南宁22.82125155127340.8231成都30.67103922103040.7553贵阳26.58103278102350.8135昆明25.02141948153330.9216拉萨29.70213018241511.0964二 我国主要城市日照时数及日照百分率地名日照时数（小时）日照百分率（）平均冬夏平均冬夏满洲里2750.5176.3272.46265.758.3海拉尔2763.1188.8267.26269.757.0呼和浩特2960.7206.5276.56770.060.7齐齐哈尔2902.9202.8275.56573.359.7长春2653.4191.3241.46156.753.7四平2751.8206.8235.26371.352.3抚顺2532.2177.0220.15760.349.3沈阳2546.9170.8229.95758.751.7鞍山2535.5172.1227.95758.351.3锦州2761.7201.6232.46268.752.3张家口2832.1200.3258.26567.758.0北京2763.7200.6242.56367.355.0唐山2656.2179.9238.96060.354.3天津2850.3195.8269.86465.361.7保定267.1187.6240.76062.355.0石家庄2664.0191.8233.16063.753.7大连2804.1193.5241.66364.757.3开封2327.6153.4228.65350.053.7郑州2451.6173.1238.05556.356.0洛阳2246.6150.5222.45149.052.3济南2776.3188.0260.56361.760.3青岛2550.8175.4181.25758.049.7大同2855.8199.7263.26467.360.0太原2756.0202.5250.36267.058.3蚌埠2179.7143.9218.74946.051.7合肥2287.9142.5247.95145.758.7徐州2400.4155.9234.95450.755.0南京2182.4141.9227.54945.754.0上海1986.1132.2215.64541.751.3杭州1902.1122.8203.94340.049.3宁波2019.7129.0229.94640.754.7宝鸡1958.1144.1198.44445.746.6西安1966.4130.0212.34442.349.7张掖3026.7220.2274.96874.062.7银川3028.6236.0295.06872.067.3兰州2571.4183.6247.15860.057.3延安2373.5189.5215.75471.748.0西宁2670.7208.1234.06168.354.0福州1859.7114.2219.24334.353.7厦门2338.8152.7235.35146.657.3基隆1370.146.9241.43114.058.0南昌1968.3110.8235.54434.755.7武汉1967.0111.4226.64536.054.3长沙1815.194.3235.44129.056.6衡水1711.080.4240.83925.250.7桂林1675.591.3199.13829.348.7南宁1843.1101.9198.94130.789.3广州1951.4132.3207.74440.05.3湛江1982.8115.8203.74537.050.7东沙岛1745.387.4179.83926.044.0成都1211.366.8154.92721.037.0重庆1257.645.3197.42814.344.7遵义1236.940.3178.12812.740.3贵阳1404.363.1127.13219.342.3昆明2521.9257.5158.95773.039.6乌鲁木齐2802.7158.1306.66355.068.0吐鲁番3126.6216.4314.57373.370.0玉门3212.6216.4309.67373.370.0哈密3310.4206.8329.47571.773.3拉萨3005.1240.0234.46875.356.3三 目测风向风力当没有测定风向风速的仪器,或虽有仪器但因故障而不能使用时,可用目测风向风力。一、 估计风力根据风对地面火海面的影响而引起的各种现象,按风力等级表估计风力,并记录其相应风速的中数值。二、 目测风向根据炊烟、旌旗、布条展开的方向及人的感觉,按八方位估计。目测风向风力时，观测者应站在空旷处，多选几个物体，认真地观测，以尽量减少主观的估计的估计误差。三、 风力等级（见下表）风力等级名称海面大概的波高（米）海面和渔船征象陆上地物征象相当于平面十米高处的风速（米/秒）一般最高范围中数0无风_海面平静静、烟直上0.00.201软风0.10.1微波如鱼鳞起伏,没有浪花,一般渔船正好能驶舵烟能表示风向,树叶略有摇动0.31.512轻风0.20.3小波,波长尚短,但波形显著,波峰光亮但不破裂；渔船张帆时，可随风移行每小时12海里树叶有微动旗子开始飘动，高的草开始动1.63.323微风0.61.0小波加大，波峰开始破裂，浪沫光亮，有时可有散见的白浪花；渔船开始颠簸，张帆随风移行34海里/h树叶及小枝摇动不息，旗子展开高的草摇动不息3.45.444和风1.01.5小浪，波长变长，白浪成群出现；渔船满帆时，可使船身倾于一侧能吹起地面的灰尘、纸张，树枝动摇，高的草呈波浪起伏5.57.975轻劲风2.02.5中浪，具有较显著的长波形状，许多白浪形成（偶有飞沫）；渔船需缩帆一部分有叶的小树摇摆，内陆的水面有小波,高的草波浪起伏明显8.010.796强风3.04.0轻度大浪开始形成，到处都有更大的白沫峰（有时有些飞沫）；渔船缩帆大部分，并注意风大树枝摇动，电线呼呼有声，撑伞困难,高的草不时倾伏于地10.813.8127疾风4.05.5轻度大浪，碎浪而成白沫沿风向呈条状；渔船不再出港，在海者下锚全树摇动，大树枝弯下来，迎风步行感觉不便13.917.1168大风5.57.5有中度的大浪，波长较长，波峰边缘开始破碎成飞沫片，白浪沿风向呈明显的条带；所有的近海渔船都要靠港，停留不出可折毁小树枝，人迎风前行感觉阻力甚大17.220.7199烈风7.010.0狂浪，沿风向白沫呈浓密的条带状，波峰开始翻滚，飞沫可影响能见度；机帆船航行困难草房遭受破坏，屋瓦被掀起，大树枝可折断20.824.42310狂