Unit 1Q1: Why does the speaker urge people to be patient?A1: because he understands that the war is long and tough. Its not to end in months but in years. He tells the people that however long the war lasts; the final victory belongs to Britain. But at the same time, he makes it clear that not every day is an opportunity to take action. They have yet to wait and preserve.Q2: why does the speaker advise the British people to treat Triumph and Disaster in the same way?A2: because he thinks that both triumph and disaster are deceptive in that people can make things out far worse than they really are when they have a disaster, and they can loss their vigilance when they are in triumph.Q3: whats the change in the widespread mood referred to in paragraph 5?A3: when Britain came under the heavy air attack of German, many other nations thought that Britain was finished. As the country stood the torture, to their great surprise, those nations changed their view.Q4: why does the speaker change darker into sterner?A4: he has a strong conviction of victory. The two terms have different implications. “Darker days” emphasizes the dark and negative side of the event and shows the users positive “Sterner days”, though identical in its reference, suggests optimism and pride in having the chance to rise to the challenge.Q5: do you think the speaker had achieved his purpose by the end of his speech?A5: by paying a visit to a school and making a speech, Churchill not only encouraged his audience but the British people in general to continue to fight rather than surrender.Unit 2Q1: why does the writer describe his experience at the bank?A1: because he wants to show the importance of personal space in maintaining public order. If ones personal space is invaded, he may, in preserving his own space, breaking into others personal space. The chain action can cause chaos in public order.Q2: how is the concept of personal space defined?A2: the author defines personal space as ones individual boarder with the self at the centre and a certain distance on its sides. Its part of ones privacy, the invasion of which is sure to make one uneasy.Q3: what is meant be “this tendency” in paragraph 4? How does the author think of its causes?A3: it refers to the escalation of personal space. The writer used to think this was caused by the “population explosion” via Malthusian logic. Now he starts to suspect that the season is the cause: in summer, dress some people are more attractive. In addition, he suggests, in seriousness or jest, the stimulating effect of caffeine contributes to the escalation of the invasion of personal space, too.Q4: what is the characteristic of personal space as described in paragraph 5?A4: the author mainly describes one important characteristic of personal space: personal space is a relative concept; people in different regions have different concept of personal space. The size of personal space varies according to where one lives, where one has a spread, he will have a more spacious concept of personal space than those who do not have a large place of their own.Q5: why is personal space shrinking in general?A5: people are more absorbed than before. In other words, they are paying less attention to the outside world, including personal space than before. The fact that people care less about their personal space in effect encourage space invasion.Unit 3Q1: whats the authors viewpoint about the benefit of the internet? What does he see about its negative side?A: as the author sees it, the internet is most likely to make our globalization a better place to live in. it provides a miraculous forum for the globalization of ideas, which contributes to the realization of human potential. Furthermore, its a powerful tool for the acquisition and application of knowledge. The benefits of the internet, however, may be darkened by its negative consequences. It may deprive the use of his time for necessary interaction with other society members so that the whole world may be further fragmented. In addition, there is a reasonable likelihood that the internet presents too much information, which gives the users a skewed sense of reality by making him cognitively overloaded.Q2: what happened to the authors friend as regards the internet? What negative consequences did he see about it?A: this friend was addicted to the internet. He would spend even over 24 hours non-stop on the internet so that he had to force himself to go offline. As he spent so much time in cyberspace, his sense of reality might have been crooked. Moreover, without any face-to-face verbal communication with other people, he felt lonely and depressed.Q3: what alienated society members before the internet gained population? What alienates them in the information age?A: the alienation of society members had begun long before the internet started to be used worldwide. After World War 2, when the soldiers