Similarity Relationslikelook*likeresembl*approximate*similar toidentical withidentical toparallel toparallel withanalogous tothe same ascomparable toshar*akin toa kind ofcounterpart*ofcorrespond*tomatch*proportional toan equivalent ofequal toequivalent toindistinguishable frosynonymous withconsist*ofconstitut*represent*considered asinterpreted asregarded asthought of asapproachDifference Relationsas opposed todifferent fromdissimilardistinct fromdistinguished fromoppositeunlikediffer*fromconflict*polarcontradictoryInclusion Relationsa kind ofa sort ofa member ofa type ofbelong*tofall*intofell intoa case ofa class ofa form ofa variant ofa family ofcontain*embody*cover*encompass*include*as illustrated byexemplified byrepresented byan example ofprototype ofrepresentative ofoccur*asrang*fromvar*fromcategor*famil*variet*classification*coverage*group*a component ofan ingredient ofan element ofa part ofa section ofa segment ofcomposed ofcomprised ofdivided intosubdivided intopartitioned intoequipped withfilled withformed bymade frommade up ofprovided withcompris*consist*ofcomponent*member*the remainingportion*subunit*unit*system*a fragment ofa piece ofa portion ofappear*incharacteristic*oftrait*offeature*ofpart*ofcharacterized bypossess*form*the*feature ofExclusion Relationsabsent fromexcluded fromto the exclusion ofdevoid offree oflack*missingChange of Statearis*fromarose fromaris*out ofarose out ofa derivative ofa product ofcom*fromcame fromderiv*fromdevelop*fromoriginat*fromgiv*rise togave rise togiv*away togave away toyield*follow*caus*produc*belong*todue toproduced byproduced fromthe result ofresult*fromresult*inthe reason whythe finding ofconverted tobecom*becamebranch*intoevolv*intotransform*intorender*turn*intoswitch*chang*intogrow*grewshift*develop*process ofFunctioningact*as act*to behav*likefunction asha*a role inplay*the role ofplay*a part inprovid*serv*asuseful forused forused to dochosen asemploy*asmethod*meansSpatial Relationsadjacent tocontained incontained withincoated withcovered withembedded inequidistantparallel toinserted intopositioned atseparatedsurrounded byfac*situat*sit*satstand*stoodresid*surroundfound inexist*inthere*arrangeddistributedlocatedplacedextend*lielaylainlyingoppositeTemporal Relationsprevious*current*presentat oncesoonformerlaterpastfollowingtemporal*permanent*last*gradual*sudden*eternal*immediate*timelyearlylatedurationalreadyyetpre-*post-*urgent*thereuponhithertohenceforwardhenceforthfirst*second*third*forth*fifth*sixth*at firstfirst of allin the endat lastfinal*next*annual*yearlymonthlyweeklydailyalwaysoftensometimesseldomhardlynevereveroncetwicefrequent*constant*simultaneous*no longerno morenot any morenot any longercontinual*continuous*averageregular*futurewith*frequencyPhysical Characteristicsextend*measur*maintain*weigh*-colored*-sized*-formed*-part*-shapedha*a*-like appearancein the form ofin the shape ofin shades ofdimensionbeisarewaswerebeingbeenin shapewith a*cwith*coshapelookQuantity Modificationa high percentage ofa small percentage ofa percentage ofrate ofpercentproportioa variety ofa quantity ofvolume*ofamount*ofnumber*ofpart*ofa class ofa family ofa series oa set of1. It 作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型 She had said what it was necessary to say. 2. 强调句型 It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us. 3. All+抽象名词或抽象名词+itself(very+形容词) He was all gentleness to her. 4. 利用词汇重复表示强调 A crime is a crime a crime. 5. something(much)of和nothing(little)of something of相当于to some extent， 表示程度。 在疑问句或条件从句中， 则为anything of，可译为有点，略微等。译为毫无，全无。much of译为大有，not much of 可译为算不上，称不上，little of可译为几乎无。something like 译为有点像，略似。 They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar. 6. 同格名词修饰是指 of 前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，of以及它前面的名词构 一个形容词短语，以修饰of后面的那个名词。如her old sharper of a father，可译为：她 那骗子般的父亲。 Those pigs of girls eat so much. 7. asascan(may)be It is as plain as plain can be. 8. It is in(with)as in(with) It is in life as in a journey. 9. as good as相等于，就像，几乎如;实际上，其实，实在。 The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him. 10.many as wellas和might as well as many as wellas可译为与其，不如，更好，以这样做为宜，如同， 也可以等等。might as wellas表示不可能的事，可译为犹如，可与一样 荒唐，与其那样不如这样的好等等。 One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfec