工程管理专业毕业论文文件翻译中英文比较河北建筑工程学院毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译系别:管理系专业:工程管理班级:管072姓名:学号:2007310223外文出处:ProjectManagersSpotlightonRiskManagementKimHeldman附件:1、外文原文;2、外文资料翻译译文。指导教师考语:签字:年代日DefiningRiskResponsePlansYouveidentifiedyourrisks,analyzedthemfortheirimpactsontheproject,assignedprobabilitiesandimpactvalues,determinedanexpectedvalue,andrankedtheminorder.Youvealsodeterminedwhichoftherisks,givenallthoseconditions,requireresponseplans.Thischapterdiscusseswhatriskresponseplansare,thetechniquesfordevelopingresponseplans,andhowtodocumentandwriteplansforthoserisksthathaveahighprobabilityandhighimpactontheproject.Letsgettoit.RiskResponsePlanningRiskResponsePlanningistheprocessofdecidingwhatactionstotaketoeducethreats(especiallytoscheduleandcost)whiletakingadvantageofheopportunitiesotherriskspresent.Typically,youllwanttodevelopriskresponseplansforriskswiththepotentialforhighprobabilityandhighimpact.Itisntefficienttospenttimewritingresponseplansforrisksyouvedeterminedarentlikelytooccurandwontimpacttheprojectsignificantlyiftheydo.Forexample,ifImbuildingatouristcenterintheMojaveDesert,Iwouldntspendtimeonariskresponseplanforthepossibilityofrain(ItdoesrainintheMojaveanaverageof2.5inchesperyear),sothepossibilityexists,butitshighlyunlikelyitwouldimpactmyproject.Illdealwiththesetypesofrisksinthe“ContingencyPlanning”sectionalittlelaterinthischapter.Rememberthatriskmanagementplanning,includingthedevelopmentofriskresponseplans,isntaone-timeexercise.Asyouprogressthroughtheprojectandlearnmoreaboutpotentialriskevents,youllreevaluatetheirimpacts,whichmayrequireachangeinstrategytodealwiththeriskandaneworrevisedresponseplan.AndeventhoughIvefocusedprimarilyonrisksthatpreventyoufrommeetingthegoalsoftheproject,dontforgetthatriskscanproduceopportunities.UncertainCertaintyOnethingiscertain:yourprojectdoeshaverisks,andifyouchoosetoignorethem,yourprojectwillhaveanuncertainoutcome.Allprojectriskiscloselylinkedwiththeavailabilityofinformationandcommunication,orthelackthereof,asIThevetalkedaboutpreviously.moreinformationyouhave,themorelikelyyoureabletopredicttheriskeventanditsimpacts.Andthebetteryoureabletopredictriskimpacts,thebetteryoullbeatcreatingriskresponseplans.Whenthinkingaboutriskresponseplans,keepinmindthatriskout-comesgenerallyfallintothreecategories:* Knownriskswithpredictableoutcomes* Knownriskswithuncertainoutcomes* UnknownriskswithunpredictableoutcomesThesearefairlystraightforward.Aknownriskissomethingyouknowhasthepotentialtohappen.Thetermpredictableoutcomesimpliesyouknowwithreasonablecertaintywhattheimpactsandoutcomesoftheriskeventswouldbeiftheyoccurred.Unpredictableoutcomesareimpactsandconsequencesoftheriskeventthatarentfullyidentifiedorknown.Letsuseasimpleexampletoexplaineachoftheseoutcomes.Youvedecidedtopaintyourgaragedoorthisweekend.Oneriskthatcouldkeepyoufromcompletingthisprojectistheweather.NoproblemyoucruisetheInternetandcheckoutthelocalforecast,whichpredictsclearandsunnyskies,withlittlepossibilityofshowers.Youhavethemeanstolearnabouttheweather(theInternetsite)andtodeterminethecertaintyoftheimpact(a10percentchanceofshowers).Thatmeansyouknow,withpredictablecertainty,thatthisriskhasalowchanceofoccurring.Knownriskswithuncertainoutcomesaremoredifficultbecause,well,theiroutcomesarentcertain.However,theamountofuncertaintycouldvary.Youmay,forexample,knowitsgoingtorainbutnotknowwhenitllstartorhowlongitllcontinue.Whenyoufacingprojectriskswithuncertainoutcomes,Irecommendlearningeverythingyoucanabouttheriskanditspossibleimpacts.(Sincethereimpactsareunpredictable,thisisninterviewtalwayspossible.)Youshouldstakeholders,researchpastprojects,andtrytomoveasfarfromtheuncertaintyendofthespectrumasyoucan.Themoreyouknow,thebetter.Thelastbulletlistedpreviously,unknownriskswithunpredictableout-comes,saysyoudontknowabouttheriskandyoudontknowaboutitsimpacts.Itsanunknownriskwithanunknownoutcome.Supposeyourehappilypaintingawayandarethree-quartersfinishedwhenaflockofgeesehappenstoflyrightoveryourhouse.Youguessedit.Anunknownriskwithanunpredictableoutcomehasoccurred.Manyprojectdecisionsaremadewithoutbenefitofknowingallthefacts,andriskanalysisisnoexception.Risk,afterall,isprimarilyaboutuncertainty.Analyzingtheriskstellsyouaboutthepossibleoutcomesfortherisk,andtheresponseplanaddresseshowtodealwiththoseoutcomes.Thegreateryourcertaintyoftheoutcome,theeasieritwillbetodevelopresponseplans.Forexample,ifyouknowrainis