阅读理解训练题（八）A We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us dont do a very good job. This article gives some suggestions on how to give an effective speech.So, you have to give a speechand you are terrified. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you stumble over words, you talk too long, and you bore your audience. Later you think, “Thank Goodness, its over. Im just not good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again.”Cheep up! It doesnt have to be that bad. Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. What is the occasion? Why are you speaking? Then, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of your time doing your research. Then spend plenty of your time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible, and use pictures, charts, and graphs if they help you make your points more clearly. Never forget your audience. Dont talk over their heads, and dont talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.Just remember: Be prepared. Know your subject, your audience, and the occasion. Be brief. Say what you have to say and then stop. And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your audience.If you follow these simple steps, you will see that you dont have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! Youre not convinced yet? Give it a try and see what happens.56The main idea of this article is .Athat you can improve your speaking abilityBthat a poor speaker can never changeCto always make a short speechDthat it is hard to make a speech57Paragraph 2 implies that . Amany people are afraid of giving a speechBmany people are happy to give a speechCmany people dont prepare for a speechDmany people talk too long 58The phrase “talk over their heads” means .Aspeak too loudlyBlook at the ceilingClook down upon themDuse words and ideas that are too difficult59All of the following statements are TRUE except .Afew people know how to make good speechesBa lecturer does not need to organize his speechCresearch is important in preparing a speechDthere are simple steps you can take to improve your speaking ability60The title for this passage may be .ADo Not Make a Long SpeechBHow to Give a Good SpeechCHow to prepare for a SpeechDTry to Enjoy a speechBTheories of crime try to explain two quite different sides of the crime problem: first, why certain forms of behavior are described by society as crimes and second, what the causes of criminal behavior are. Theories about what makes up of criminal behavior have varied widely. One traditional belief is that the criminal code stands for Gods law and is independent of the will of man. In contrast, there is the modern idea that the criminal law is simply the instrument by which the ruling class maintains its power.There is also a wide variety of explanations for the cause of crime. There is the theory that assumes that an individual choose criminal conduct of his own free will and is therefore responsible for his actions. Other theories describe the criminal more or less as a helpless individual in the grasp of biological, psychological, or social forces beyond his reason or control. Modern studies of crime often depend heavily on statistics（统计）. For example, burglaries are most associated with the poor areas of large cities.But one thing is clear; it is that criminal behavior is connected with a great number of social, psychological, economic, political, legal, and moral factors. To search for the deciding factor of crime is a too simple action.61The author believes that the causes of criminal behavior are .Aprimarily socialBsimple and directCwidely variedDoften religious62Laws which emphasize punishment for criminal behavior are based on the belief that .Athe criminals behavior is controlled by social factors.BThe criminal is responsible for his behavior.CCrime is connected with poor urban areas.DThere are many causes of criminal behavior63The modern idea that the law is a means for the ruling class to maintain its power is essentially a .Apolitical theoryBpsychological explanationCmoral theoryDbiological explanationCCBC is a famous air company which has over twenty planes carrying passengers and goods, flying along 12 fixed lines all over the world. Its service is very good but some passengers are still not satisfied with it and that is why in 2003 and 2004 the company received letters of complaints from consumers or passengers who pointed out over a dozen kinds of problems whic