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1每个学生都应该用的 高中英语基础知识系列动名词是非谓动词的一种形式。从形式上,它与现在进行时中的分词相同,都是在动词原形的末尾加上-ing。但是动名词的用法与现在分词还是有很大区别的。动名词否定形式为notdoing,具有动词和名词的性质,在句中起名词作用。【特点】英语动名词有两个特点。1、它是从动词变化而来的,所以它保留了动词的某些特征。例如:它能带自己的宾语、状语等,这时就叫动名词短语;2、顾名思义,动名词最大的特点是它相当于一个名词。因此,动名词可以在句中作主语、宾语等。因为它作为名词来使用,所以动名词也有像名词一样的所有格形式。【分类阐述】【作主语】动名词是由动词变化而来,所以,动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如: Breathing became difficult at that altitude. 在那个海拔高度呼吸变得很困难。Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。Cheating on an exam ruins ones character.考试作弊毁坏人的性格。It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office.我从办公室回家要花十分钟。It needs time to make three copies of it.把它复制三份需要时间。His being elected our chairman made us think of a lot.他当选为我们的主席使我们想起了许多许多。动名词作主语时,对于一些比较长的动名词短语,一般采用It is 和There is 两种句式来表示。例如:It is no use waiting for him any longer.等他是没有用的。It is no good learning without practice.学而不实践是没好处的。It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light. 用这种方法去测量光速是危险的。It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again.很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded.不容抵赖这个事实,中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取得了飞速的发展。There is no littering about. 不许乱扔杂物动名词和不定式都可以作主语,动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为,不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。例如:Playingwithfireisdangerous.(泛指玩火)Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.(指一具体动作)但在Itisnouse/good,notanyuse/good,useless等后常用动名词或用不定式。【作宾语】admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,face,feel,like,finish,forgive,giveup,imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,practise,putoff,resist,risk,suggest,canthelp(情不自禁),cantstand(无法忍受)等动词成词组后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式。forget,goon,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别。例如:LetsgoonstudyingLesson6.(让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。)LetsgoontostudyLesson6.(让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。)Irememberdoingtheexercise.(我记得做过练习。)Imustremembertodoit.(我必须记着做这事。)Itriednottogothere.(我设法不去那里。)Itrieddoingitagain.(我试着又干了一次。)Stopspeaking.(不要讲话。)Hestoppedtotalk.(他停下来讲话。)Imeantocomeearlytoday.(我打算今天早些来。)Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.(误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。)在allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如:Wedontallowsmokinghere.(我们不允许在这里吸烟)Wedontallowstudentstosmoke.(我们不允许学生去吸烟)动词need,require,want作“需要”解,其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做,这时,动名词的主动式表示被动意义。beworth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。例如:Thewindowneeds/requires/wantscleaning/tobecleaned.Hermethodisworthtrying.(他的方法值得尝试)在短语devoteto,lookforwardto,stickto,tobeusedto,objectto,thankyoufor,excusemefor,be(kept)busy,havedifficulty/trouble/problem(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in),theresnouse/good/need,feel/seemlike/getdownto等后的动词也必须用动名词形式,例如:Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.(我期待尽快收到你的消息)在love,hate,prefer,like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时,指一般情况,而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。start,begin,continue在书面语中多后接动名词,在口语中多后接不定式。但start和begin在下列情况下一般跟不定式作宾语:当主语是物而不是人时;当start或begin以-ing形式出现时,当后面作宾语的动词表示感情、思想或意念时。例如:Itstartedtosnow.Heisbeginningtocookdinner.Ibegantounderstandwhathemeant.在should(would)like/love等后须用不定式。【实战演习】1._(see)is_(believe).2._(lay)eggsistheantqueensfull-timejob.3.Itisnouse_(argue) withhim.4.He managed to escape _(suffer) from the disease.5.The suspect denied _(turn)on the computer in the office that night.6.Im looking forward to your _(come) next time. 7.They are against _(use) so many animals in experiments.8.I dont remember ever_ (see) her any time.9.He apologized for _(interrupt) us.10.Thank you for _(offer) me so much help.11.He is fond of_ (watch) sports-games.12.She likes_ (make) herself busy all the day.13.The secretary was scolded for not having finished_ (type) the report in time. 14. The trees want _(water) .15.I regret_ (have) said some rude words to my brother.16.We have no idea of their _(have) done such kind of thing.17.After _(have) been treated in the special way, he could deal with everything around him smoothly .18.He cant remember _(have) been scolded by his boss for that matter. 19.People hate _(be) praised for nothing .20.The problem is far from _(be) solved .21.She didnt mind_ (be) left alone at home .22.Your car needs _(fill). 23.This city deserves _(visit). 24.The problem requires _(study) carefully.【答案汇总】“超级学习笔记”1. Seeing believing 2. Laying 3. arguing 4. suffering5. turning 6. coming 7. using8. seeing9. interrupting10. offering11. watching12. making13. typing14. watering .15. having16. having17. having1
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