开放英语(1)形考册参考答案作业1第一部分 交际用语（每题2分，共10分）1.B2. B3. B4.A 5. C第二部分 词汇与结构（每题2分，共40分）6. B7. A8.C 9.C 10. C 11. B12. B13.C14.C 15. C16.B17. A18.B19.B20. A21.B 22. A23.B24.A25. B第三部分阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）26. B 27. C 28. B 29. A30. A31. C32. A33.B34. A 35.C第四部分翻译（每题3分，共30分）以下答案供参考36. a quarter past seven (oclock ) / seven fifteen37. from 8 (oclock ) in the morning to 3 (oclock ) in the afternoon / from 8 pm to 3 am38. works in insurance 39. thats a good idea40. Why dont you41. 明天下午去踢足球怎么样？42. 我想找一套一楼的公寓。43. 你喜欢看英文报纸吗？44他不是程序员, 他是工程师。45她正在和客户谈话。作业2第一部分 交际用语（每题2分，共10分）1.C2. B3. B4.C 5. C第二部分 词汇与结构（每题2分，共40分）6. B7. C8.B 9.A 10. C 11. C12. A13.A14.A 15. A16.B17. A18.B19.A20. A21.A 22. C23.A24.B25. C第三部分阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A30. C31. C32. A33. A34. B 35. B第四部分翻译（每题3分，共30分）以下答案供参考36. Whats the weather like today37. not comfortable enough38. opposite the supermarket39. Would you like to leave a message40. is bad at / isnt good at41. 她不喜欢向别人借东西。42. 伦敦是个热闹、嘈杂、拥挤而又令人兴奋的地方，但生活费用太高。43. 我和朋友们每周去两次健身中心。我们在那里游泳或做其它运动。44他一头短短的棕色卷发，蓝色的眼睛，留着短胡须。45从机场到市中心坐出租车大约需要四十分钟。作业3第一部分 交际用语（每题2分，共10分）1.A2. A3. C4.C 5. B第二部分 词汇与结构（每题2分，共40分）6. B7. B 8.B 9.A 10. A 11. B12. A13.C14.B 15. A16. A17. C18.B19.A20. B21. C 22. C23.B24.A25. B第三部分阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）26. C 27. B 28. B 29. A30. B31. A32. C33. A34. B 35. C第四部分翻译（每题3分，共30分）以下答案供参考36. Are you free / Will you be free37. What does he look like?38. Ive got a cold. / Ive caught a cold39. is bad at/ isnt good at40. How are you feeling today?41. 你在北京呆了多少天？42. 再下个月，我每周练两次体操。43. 他擅长于网页设计，比她强很多。44我们冰箱里的奶酪多的是45我觉得很难受，头疼，背痛，嗓子疼。作业4第一部分 交际用语（每题2分，共10分）1.B2. A3. B4.C 5. C第二部分 词汇与结构（每题2分，共40分）6. B7. B 8.B 9.A 10. A 11. B12. A13.B14.B 15. C16. B17. B18.A19.C20. C21. B 22. B23.A24.B25. A第三部分阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）26. B 27. C 28. A 29. B30. A31. A32. B33. B34. C 35. B第四部分翻译（每题3分，共30分）以下答案供参考36. call me before seven37. not as exciting as London38. Who is responsible for39. Im not feeling well40. do you prefer / do you like better41. 他个子不太高，带着眼睛。42. 我不喜欢这套公寓。它离公路太近了。43. 明天下午去踢足球怎么样？44银行在拐角处。对面是报刊亭。45简比玛丽更擅长于网页设计，但是玛丽在培训方面更富有经验。请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！2016年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released from nerve endings (terminals) in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. It is synthesized within the nerve terminal from choline, taken up from the tissue fluid into the nerve ending by a specialized transport mechanism. The enzyme necessary for this synthesis is formed in the nerve cell body and passes down the axon to its end, carried in the axoplasmic flow, the slow movement of intracellular substance (cytoplasm). Acetylcholine is stored in the nerve terminal, sequestered in small vesicles awaiting release. When a nerve action potential reaches and invades the nerve terminal, a shower of acetylcholine vesicles is released into the junction (synapse) between the nerve terminal and the effector cell which the nerve activates. This may be another nerve cell or a muscle or gland cell. Thus electrical signals are converted to chemical signals, allowing messages to be passed between nerve cells or between nerve cells and non-nerve cells. This process is termed chemical neurotransmission and was first demonstrated, for nerves to the heart, by the German pharmacologist Loewi in 1921. Chemical transmission involving acetylcholine is known as cholinergic. Acetylcholine acts as a transmitter between motor nerves and the fibres of skeletal muscle at all neuromuscular junctions. At this type of synapse, the nerve terminal is closely apposed to the cell membrane of a muscle fibre at the so-called motor end plate. On release, acetylcholine acts almost instantly, to cause a sequence of chemical and physical events (starting with depolarization of the motor endplate) which cause contraction of the muscle fibre. This is exactly what is required for voluntary muscles in which a rapid response to a command is required. The action of acetylcholine is terminated rapidly, in around 10 milliseconds; an enzyme (cholinesterase) breaks the transmitter down into choline and an acetate ion. The choline is then available for re-uptake into the nerve terminal. These same principles apply to cholinergic transmission at sites other than neuromuscular junctions, although the structure of the synapses differs. In the autonomic nervous system these include nerve