高考英语定语从句和名词性从句讲解与综合训练名词从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如：宾语从句：I dont knowwhere he will go.主语从句：Where he will gois unknown.表语从句：The problem ishow we can get so much money.同位语从句：We all feel sorry about the newsthat he failed in the game.下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的：1whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否意，即引导宾语从句时if和whether可以互换但以下几种名词从句要用whether不用if引导：1引导主语从句，且在句首时。例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).2引导表语从句时。例The problem is whether he can get a job.3引导同位语从句时。例：I have no idea whether he will come.4介词后的whether从句。例：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.2位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.3在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/that从句结构中，that从句谓语有时用shoulddo这样的虚拟语气形式。例如：It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us.It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one?s life.It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings缺点.4在“The reason whyis that句式中that不要误为because.例如：The reason why he didn?t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.5名词从句中that,what用法比拟：引导名词从句的that是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而what是连接代词，whatthething(s) that.例如：It was told in yesterday?s newspaperthatwhatthe students had done was praisedthe things(that)无意义by the factory.I know that he will study.I know what he will study.That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.What he works hard at is known to us all.All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(the person that)heused to be.他和以前大不相同了。6where在名词从句中的使用特点：where在名词从句中有时可以变为“the place where,有时可以变为“介词the place where形式。例如：主从：Where(The place where)she has gone is still unknown.宾从：Would you please tell me where(the place where) Mr Smith lives?表从：Your dictionary remains where(in/at the place where)you put.同位从：Have you any idea where(of the place where) she is spending her holidays?7无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如：I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序即“主谓宾或“主系表结构，将其变为间接引语即宾语从句时，无需改变语序。例如：What?s the matter with him?She asked me what was the matter with him.Who looks after your grandfather?He asked me who looked after my grandfather.名词从句考点分析1They want to know _ do to help us.(NMET)A. what they canB. how they canC. how can theyD. what can they析：此题要选陈述语序项，故应排除C、D。又因how they can do不完整，do后无宾语，故也应排除，只有A项既是陈述语序，且what they can do完整正确地表达出“他们能做些什么这一意思，故答案为A。2His teacher _ he _ bright and _ he was worth teaching.A.didnt think;was;thatB.thought;was;whetherC.didnt think;was;D.thought;wasn?t;析：观察题目，可知think后跟有and连接的两个并列宾语从句，这时前一个宾语从句的引导语that可以省略，但引导后一宾语从句的that不可省略，据此，可排除C、D两个选项。假设选B项，全句意思不通，而选择A项可表达“他的老师认为他不聪明，不值得教这一意思，且语法结构无误，故可定A是正确答案。3_ is done cannot be undone.A.HowB.ThatC.WhatD.Where析：do一般作及物动词使用，从题干看，需选一词作主语逻辑上是done的宾语。而A.How,D.Where均是副词，不能作主语，故应排除。B项that一词只能在定语从句中作主语，不能在主语从句中作主语，也应排除。只有选what(the thing that),才能正确表述“但凡做的不可不做这一意思。4Take care _ you don?t make mistakes in the coming exam.A.of thatB.about thatC.for whatD.that析：take care是“注意、“留神意，后面可跟that引导的宾语从句来表达“留神不要意思，据此，该题应选D。5To his surprise,the umbrella was not _ he had put.A.whichB.whereC.the placeD.that析：观察题干，was not后是表语，根据where在表语从句中相当于in/at the place where,将其置于空白处那么可表达“伞不在他当初放的地方这一意思，而C选项缺少词，不可选。A、D项皆不合用。6_ we can?t get seems better than _ we have.A.what;whatB.what;thatC.that;thatD.that;what析：此题显然是要表达“我们得不到的东西似乎比我们得到的东西好。这一意思，即“A seems better that B结构，根据whatthe thing(s) that这一特点，将其置于两空白处正好可以表达出前者比后者好这一意思，故答案为A。7_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where析：此题depends前的主语从句是一个不肯定的内容，在句首表“是否意时，只能用Whether,不可用If。故答案为B。8_ they are most interested in is _ they can produce more and better cars.A.That;howB.What;howC.What;whatD.That;that析：is前面是一个主语从句，要表达“他们最感兴趣的东西这一意思，只能选what填入空白;is是表语从句，显然只有选how才能表达“如何生产更多更好的汽车，故答案为B。9He made a suggestion that the English test _ until next Wednesday.A.will be put offB.be put offC.will put offD.put off析：suggestion,order,adivce等词后的同位语从句谓语要用shoulddo的形式，且该句中test与put off为被动关系，应选B。10I don?t think _ he said something like that is right.A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.when析：此句think后是一宾语从句，这个宾语从句的主语在is之前，它是一个被动句。因为he said something like that已经含有主、谓、宾、状等成分，只有选不表意义，不做成分的that才适宜，应选A。定语从句一、定语从句与引导词定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词，而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。1关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语，whose作定语。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语)That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略)Im not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定从中作表语)A dictionary is a useful book whi