语言学词汇汇总conduct v. (often passive) to do sth. in an organized waygeneralization n. 普遍化validity n. 真实性dialectual a. of the art or method of arguing according to certain rules of question & answer辩证的complement v. to combine well with sth., often sth. That has different quality; to add another thing to sth.complementation n.stand vi in: to do someone elses job temporarily while they are not available to do it.muddle v. to put things into disorderscope n. the limits of a subject or activityentity n. sth. that has a single separate & independent existence 实体norm n. (pl.) ways of behaving that are regarded as usual or generally acceptable准则；规范instinct n. An inborn pattern of behavior that is characteristic of a species and is often a response to specific environmental stimuli:本能instinctive a.voluntary a. Arising from or acting on ones own free will.arbitrary a. Determined by chance, whim, or impulse, and not by necessity, reason, or principle:任意的，武断的intrinsic a. Of or relating to the essential nature of a thing; inherent.本质的：属于或关于事物的本质特征的；固有的design v. to formulate a plan for; devise计划：为制定一个计划；设计 n. The purposeful or inventive arrangement of parts or details设计方案：有目的，有意图的细节安排onomatopoeic a. 拟声的, 声喻的onomatopoeia n. The formation or use of words such as buzz or murmur that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to象声词：词的构成或用法，例如buzz 或 nurmur 模仿事物或行动的声音sophisticated a. Having acquired worldly knowledge or refinement; lacking natural simplicity or naivet.老于世故的：具备世故的知识或精细的；缺乏自然的单纯或天真幼稚的;Very complex or complicated非常复杂精密或尖瑞的gibbon n. Any of several small, arboreal apes of the genus Hylobates of southeast Asia and the East Indies, having a slender body, long arms, and no tail长臂猿：一种体小、生活于树林中的长臂猿属 类人猿，产自东南亚和东印度群岛的，有瘦长的身躯、长臂且没有尾巴repertoire n. The stock of songs, plays, operas, readings, or other pieces that a player or company is prepared to perform全部剧目：某一个演员或剧团随时准备表演的全部歌曲、戏剧、歌剧、读物或其它作品orthographic a. Of or relating to orthography.正字法的：属于或有关正字法的; Spelled correctly.正确拼写的orthography n. The art or study of correct spelling according to established usage正字法：根据已建立的用法改正拼写的艺术和研究; The aspect of language study concerned with letters and their sequences in words拼字法：关于字母及其在词中顺序的那一部分言研究; *A method of representing the sounds of language or a language by letters and diacritics; spelling表音法：用书写符号或印刷符号表现某一语言的读音的方法phonic adj. （Linguistics） Of, relating to, or having the nature of sound, especially speech sounds.articulator n. 发音清晰的人，发音器官spectrograph n. A spectroscope equipped to photograph or otherwise record spectra.光谱仪：用来拍摄或记录光谱或声谱的分光镜larynx n. The part of the respiratory tract between the pharynx and the trachea, having walls of cartilage and muscle and containing the vocal cords enveloped in folds of mucous membrane.喉：位于咽与气管之间的呼吸道的一部分，管壁由软骨与肌肉组成，内有由粘液状的膜构成的褶页所保护的声带glottis n. The opening between the vocal cords at the upper part of the larynx.声门：喉上部声带间的空隙taut a Strained; tense紧张的：紧张的；绷紧的uvula n. A small, conical, fleshy mass of tissue suspended from the center of the soft palate小舌，悬雍垂：悬垂在软腭中央的小的圆锥状肉块twang v. To speak in a strongly nasal tone of voice带鼻音说话或发音; To cause to make a sharp, vibrating sound使发出拨弦声：使发出尖锐的颤音diacritic a. A mark, such as the cedilla of faade or the acute accents of rsum, added to a letter to indicate a special phonetic value or distinguish words that are otherwise graphically identical区别音符：一个添加到一个字母上的标志，如faade 上所加的变音符号或 r-sum, 上表示发高音的记号，表示一个特殊的发音或用于区别与图示相同的词transcribe v. (Linguistics) To represent (speech sounds) by phonetic symbols记下的音标：用音标表示（用语音）翻译或转译convex a. Having a surface or boundary that curves or bulges outward, as the exterior of a sphere凸起的：具有向外弯曲或凸出的表面或边界的，如球体的外表面stoppage n. The act of stopping or the condition of being stopped; a halt停止：停止的动作或被停止的状态；中止retroflex a. (Linguistics) Pronounced with the tip of the tongue turned back against the roof of the mouth.卷舌音的：将舌尖向后卷抵住口中硬腭而发音的n.（Linguistics）A sound pronounced with the tongue in retroflex position, as the sound (r) in some varieties of English.卷舌音：舌尖处于卷舌音状态时发出的声音，如英语的一些变种音(r)lax n. Pronounced with the muscles of the tongue and jaw relatively relaxed, as the vowel “e” in let松弛元音的：舌头和下颚肌肉比较放松时发出的，如元音e 在 let 中的发音intervene v. To come, appear, or lie between two things插进：来到、出现于或位于两个物体之间; To occur as an extraneous or unplanned circumstance干扰：作为一无关的或计划外的情形发生physiological a. Of or relating to physiology生理学的，与生理学有关的; Being in accord with or characteristic of the normal functioning of a living organism.生理的，生理机能的，生理上正常的：根据有生命的有机体正常功能的，或具有此特征的sloppy a. Marked by a lack of neatness or order; untidy:邋遢的：以缺少整洁或秩序为特征的；不整洁的alveolar a. (Linguistics) Formed with the tip of the tongue touching or near the inner ridge of the gums of the upper front teeth, as the English t, d, and s.齿龈音的，齿槽音的：用舌尖接触或靠近上前牙龈内侧边缘而形成的发音，如英语语音 t, d, 和 s n. An alveolar sound齿槽音，齿龈音pervert v. To put to a wrong or improper use; misuse. See Synonym