毕业设计(论文)题 目：小型谷物清选机设计学 院：农业工程与食品科学学院 专 业： 机械设计 姓 名： XXx 学 号： XXX 指导教师： XXX 摘 要谷物清选机械目前国内己经基本上能够自给自足，但是由于市场上大部分都是种子加工成套设备，由于其价格高，能耗大，还不能完全适应小型种子生产和经营部门的要求。因此，开发符合我国国情的谷物清选机械，对提高我国种子产品质量、农业经济效益和农业生产现代化水平具有重要意义。论文立足国情，基于我国不同类型种子生产和经营部门的经济和技术水平，研制开发一种实用性强、市场前景好的小型谷物清选机械。本文在介绍国内外种子加工机械的发展现状与动态的基础上，分析了研制价格低、操作简单、使用方便的小型谷物清选机的意义和市场需求，制定了系统总体设计方案，对系统的机架、筛体、振动机构、风机进行了重点研究设计。该小型谷物清选机采用单相220伏交流电源供电，使用非常方便，而且节约能源，动力只需1.5kw。机架设计为车驾式，整机可框在地排车下盘上，移动方便。进料装置采用了结构简单的顶置式人力提升装置，采用插板活门控制流量，其结构简单，操作方便，喂料均匀。筛体的上筛采用圆孔平面筛、下筛采用编织筛，提高了生产率，而且对粗混杂物及小谷粒有较高的分离率。传动机构采用三角带传动，传动平稳，结构尺寸小。振动机构采用曲柄连杆机构，平稳可靠有效。清选风机采用低压后向直叶片离心式风机。在整机设计过程中充分考虑到性价比，选用价格低、性能稳定的零部件。关键词:清选机，单相电源，平面筛，曲柄连杆传动机构,风筛式AbstractAt present, the grain cleaner can be basically already self-suficient athome. But the most part is the complete sets seed-processing equipment, and its high price, heavy weight and high energy consumption cant meet the demand of the small-size seed producing and running department. Therefore,developing the grain cleaner which accords with of our national conditions has great significance to improve seed quality, agricultural economic benefits and agricultural modernization. According to the economy of the department and engineering level of the different kinds of seeds of our country, the thesis bases on the national conditions and we have exploited the small-size gain cleaner which has strong practicability and good market prospects.Based on introducing the states-of-art of the seed processing equipment at home and abroad, the significance and market demand of the small-size grain cleaner which is easy to operate, convenient to use and has the low price are analysed. Having made the overall design plan of the system, the framework, vibrosieve, vibrating mechanism and the centrifugal fan of the system are mainly researched and designed.This small-size gain cleaner is adopted single-phase 220 volts to supply power and it is very convenient to use, economize the energy and motive force only need 1.Skw The framework is designed for the thill. The machine is fixed the underwall of the vehicle and it is convenient to move. The feeding device is adopted the overhead men hoisting device and used flashboard valve to control the flow. It is of simple structure, easy to operate and even to feed the material. The top sieve of the vibrosieve is adopted round-hole prissy screen and round-hole plansifter of the lower sieve. The thick impurity and small valley have the higher rate of the grain separation. Because the vertical arris of the triangle has increased the possibility of the directed movement of the tiny and have promoted the lower floor of the valley to pass separation process which sifts the hole. A part of the sieve hole is the side of the arris, which not only forms the groove in the bottom surface, but also has increased effective area of sieve hole .At the same time, it does not produce the restriction to the directed movement of the valley. Transmission organization are adopted triangular belt to drive which has steady transmission and little physical dimension. The belt wheel has been taken thesolid wheel. The vibrating mechanism is adopted the eccentric bearing link mechanism. The eccentric bearing is a standard component which not only simplified the processing connecting, but also reduced the frictional dissipation. It is adopted the hypopiesia, backward, prismatic blade centrifugal fan. the method of adjusting the area of the inlet opening to adjust the input air.During the whole design process, choosing the low performance for use are sufficiently considered. Through price with steadynnning test, result of the test and designing requirement are unanimous basically,system has better economic benefits and social benefit.Keyword: small-size grain cleaner ， single-phase electric power supply ， round-hole prissy screen ， eccentric bearing link mechanism, energy-saving目 录摘 要IAbstractII目 录IV第一章 概述11.1 课题研究的目的及意义11.1.1课题研究的目的11.1.2课题研究的意义11.2 国内外研究现状21.2.1国内研究水平21.3.1研究内容51.3.2技术指标51.4研究方法和技术路线61.4.1研究方法61.4.2技术路线7第二章 谷物清选机的结构、特点及总体设计82.1机架的设计92.2进料装置的设计92.3振动筛的设计92.3.1筛子的种类选择92.3.2 筛子的形状尺寸102.3.3 筛子的参数选择112.3.4 振动机构的设计122.4 清选风机的设计182.4.1 清粮风机的特点182.4.2 清选风机的结构性能参数182.4.3风机的加工工艺：152.5 电机的选型152.5.1电动机型式的选择152.5.2电动机电压等级的选择152.5.3电动机额定转速的选择162.5.4额定功率的选择162.6 传动机构的设计162.6.1电机风机带轮三角胶带传动的参数选择162.6.2电机一摇臂轴带轮三角胶带传动的参数选择：222.6.3 带轮材料的确定：252.6.4 带轮的结构和尺寸：25第三章 结论与展望263.1结论263.2 展望263.2.1 课题展望263.2.2 谷物清选机的发展展望27参考文献28致谢29第一章 概述1.1 课题研究的目的及意义1.1.1课题研究的目的近几年来，农业种植结构调整和加入WTO都对我国农业机械化产生了较大的影响，我国农业机械产品的升级换代和产品结构调整势在必行，农业机械化进入了一个调整发展的新时期。现代农业和人类生活越来越注重种子和粮食的加工品质。我国种子业生产发展迅速，产销位居世界前列，但我国种子加工过程中仍存在着不少问题，如生产经营规模小，设备落后等，市场竞争力较差，使我国许多小型种子生产