考研英语核心400词前言 本教材是经过多年考研英语教学与研究而总结出的核心词汇。核心词汇是那些出现频率高以及对解题具有关键作用的词汇。这些词汇反映了考研英语的特点，在英美报刊和杂志上出现的频率也相当之高，多出现在“准学术”型的文章中，而这些文章也是命题人一直偏爱的题源文章，因其具备较高思辨性，符合考研英语的难度及特点。 本教材在编排顺序上将一些近义词、形近词放在了一起，以便于学员辨析分清。本教材中的每个英文单词只列出了在考研英语中最常用的汉语释义，以方便学员记忆。 尽早记住考研英语核心400词有助于学员尽早解决词汇障碍而更快地进入学习状态，能够更清晰更快速地阅读考研英语各类文章。一、 名词1. authority 权威，当局Mexican authorities noticed a large number of hospitalizations and deaths among healthy adults.墨西哥当局注意到，在成年人中有大量人住院。One authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control.一位权威人士说道，这些极其强大的精神事件不但可以约束，还可以有意识地进行控制。2. equivalent 等价物The digital credential would be a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech equivalent of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card.该数字证书可以成为一个“自愿受信身份”系统，从而成为物理密钥、指纹以及身份证的高科技等价物。3. alternative 替代物They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.他们更愿意握紧自己的钱包，把在家吃饭作为一种现实的替代。4. substitute 代替物Devoted concertgoers reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance.忠诚的音乐会爱好者回答道，唱片并不能1代替现场表演。5. community 具有共性的人 （社区，届）The approach would create a “walled garden” in cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a trusted community.该方法能够在网络空间建一个“有墙的花园”，具有安全的“邻里关系”以及明亮的“街灯”，从而创造出一种安全社区的意识。6. transaction 交易The individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with confidence.个人和组织能够充满信任地完全在线交易。7. mentality 心态It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would eventually be a compulsory of Internet “drivers license” mentality.该计划看来明显是一个最初的推断，最终将形成一种英特网强制性“驾驶执照”的心态。8. skepticism 怀疑The plan has also been greeted with skepticism by some computer security experts.该方案也遭到了电脑安全专家的怀疑。History and news become confused, and ones impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism.历史和新闻变得令人困惑，人们开始产生一种怀疑与乐观相混合的印象。9. executive 高级管理者But Edward Dolman, the chief executive, says: “Im pretty confident were at the bottom.”但是首席执行官爱德华多尔曼说道：“我完全相信现在已经是在底部了。”10. irony 讽刺This episode crystallizes the irony that, although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they rarely talk at home.该情节体现出一种讽刺，那就是，籍贯美国男性在公共场合比女性说话多，但在家里，他们很少说话。11. preference 偏爱The first and more important is the consumers growing preference for eating out.首先并且最重要的是消费者不断增长的对外出就餐的偏爱。12. predominance 优势Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful.不可避免的事，这种从优势地位退下来的感觉是痛苦的。13. pattern 图案，模式The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s.政治科学家安德鲁哈克在上世纪七十年代观察到这一模式。14. infrastructure 基础设施Big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence.大型零售商在管理产品类别、物流、以及营销智能化方面，可以应用其规模、已有基础设施和历经考验的技能，这是有利可图的。15. inequity 不公正In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband.在我自己的研究中，女性们对于丈夫的抱怨通常并非针对那些明显的不公正，例如放弃职业来陪伴丈夫。16. humanity 人类，人性He is publishing a paper which not only suggests that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about.他的正在发表的一篇论文不仅暗示出某个人类群体会比其他群体更聪明，还解释了这种现象产生的过程。His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on.他主要关注的是人文学科：文学，语言，哲学等等。17. revival 复活，复兴Is there any chance that Carduss criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote.卡杜斯的批判性评论有机会复活吗？这看来很遥远。18. amateur 业余爱好者Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.另外，音乐评论中的业余爱好者传统在急剧衰退。19. corporation 公司Corporations could use such approaches to introduce new routines.公司应当采用这些方法来塑造新的惯例。Its a self-examination that has involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.这是一种自我检查，其中包含责任、创造性自由和公司底线等问题。20. economy 经济，经济体Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price.富裕国家不像过去那么依赖石油，因此对油价波动就不那么敏感。21. adolescent 青少年Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal.口香糖曾经主要是青少年购买，现在则经常出现在商业广告中，用来使口气清新，以及用来在餐后清洁牙齿。22. juvenile青少年Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.很多关于青少年违法原因的理论都把主要影响原因归于个人或社会。23. jury 陪审团Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values.很多美国人把陪审团制度看作关键民主价值的具体表现。24. qualification 资格There is a principle that all citizens should meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy.有一个原则，那就是所有公民应