01 地 理 学 总 论地理学统一地理学普通地理学系统地理学区域地理学理论地理学应用地理学元地理学地文学地质学古地理学地理学体系地理环境geographyunified geographygeneral geographysystematic geographyregional geographytheoretical geographyapplied geographymetageographyphysiographychorographypaleogeogpraphygeographical systemgeographical environment地理因子地理过程地理分布地理界线地理综合地理考察综合考察区域分析区域分异生存空间生存承载能力环境决定论灾变论地球地球表面geographical factorsgeographical processgeographical distributiongeographical boundarygeographical synthesisgeographical surveyintegrated surveyregional analysisregional differentiationliving spacelife-carrying capacityenvironmental determinismcatastrophe theoryearthearth surface地球表层地理系统地理圈景观圈岩石圈水圈大气圈土壤圈生物圈地圈智能圈技术圈北半球南半球地球体epigeospheregeosystemgeographical spherelandscape spherelithospherehydrosphereatmospherepedospherebiospheregeospherenoonspheretechnospherenorthern hemispheresouthern hemispheregeoid地理纬度地理经度北极南极极圈北回归线南回归线赤道时区日界线极昼极夜洲大陆洋latitudelongitudeNorth PoleSouth PoleArctic CircleTropic of CancerTropic of Capricornequatortime zonedate linepolar daypolar nightcontinentoceansea内陆地理单元区划带地带区域地区小区inlandgeographical unitregionalizationbeltzoneregionareadistrict02 自 然 地 理学自然地理学综合自然地理学普通自然地理学自然综合体地域自然综合体自然地理过程自然生产潜力进展因素残留因素三维地带性水平地带垂直地带地带性physical geographyintegrated physical geographygeneral physical geographynatural complexterritorial natural complexphysical geographic processnatural potential productivityprogressive factorrelic factorthree dimension zonalityhorizontal zonevertical zonezonality非地带性水平地带性垂直地带性地方性坡向阳坡阴坡山体效应综合自然区划雪带亚雪带高山亚高山山地azonalityhorizontal zonalityvertical zonalitylocalityexposureadret, sunny slopeubac, shady slopeMassenerhebungseffekt(德） ,integrated physicogeographicalregionalizationnival beltsubnival beltalpinesubalpinemountains荒漠荒漠化沙漠岩漠砾漠泥漠盐漠戈壁绿洲景观学景观相自然景观土地desertdesertificationsandy desertrocky desertgravel desertargillaceous desertsalt desertgobioasislandscape sciencelandscapefaciesnatural landscapeland土地系统土地分类土地类型土地单元土地要素土地刻面刻面联合体土地属性生态地理学地生态学景观生态学生态系统生态平衡生态区域生态小区land systemland classificationland type land unitland elementland facetfacet combinationterrain characteristicsecogeographygeoecologylandscape ecologyecosystemecological balanceecoregionecodistict生态地段生态区生态点自然资源可再生资源非可再生资源灾害地理学自然灾害ecosectionecotopeecositenatural resourcesrenewable resourcesnonrenewable resourceshazard geographynatural hazard03 地 貌 学地貌学地貌地貌年代学地貌成因地貌形成作用气候地貌学动力地貌学地貌量计学人工地貌平原低地高地丘陵geomorphologylandformgeomorphochronologygeomorphogenesis, landform genesislandform forming processclimatic geomorphologydynamic geomorphologygeomorphometryanthropogenic landformsplainlowlandhighlandhill山山脉岭峰山麓半岛岛屿群岛海峡地峡海拔（高度）相对高度山嘴盆地山间盆地mountainmountain range, mountain chainrange, ridgepeak, mountpiedmontpeninsulaislandarchipelagostraitisthmusaltitude, height above sea levelrelative heightmountain spurbasinintermountain basin山间盆地山峰崖山麓平原高原峡谷谷沟谷冲沟山形山志阶地台地洼地坡地intermountain basinmountain peakcliff, scarppiedmont plainplateaugorge, canyonvalleyravinegullymountain formsorographyterracetableland, platformdepressionslope坡度基岩地貌过程侵蚀作用雨滴侵蚀剥蚀作用刻蚀溶蚀冲刷片蚀溯源侵蚀下切侵蚀侧向侵slope, gradientbedrockgeomorphological processerosionraindrop erosiondenudationcorrasioncorrosionwash, erosionsheet erosionheadward erosiondowncutting, incision, vertical erosionlateral erosion掏蚀侵蚀基准面总侵蚀基准面局部侵蚀基准面裂点沉积作用堆积作用堆积物加积作用沉积相地貌世代地貌序列地形基面地貌组合正地貌undercuttingbase level of erosiongeneral base levellocal base levelknick pointsedimentation, depositiondeposition, accumulationdepositaggradationsedimentary faciesgeneration of landformslandforms seriesbase levellandform assemblagepositive landform负地貌正常地貌倒置地貌地貌倒置刻蚀地貌夷平作用夷平面准平面剥蚀面山麓侵蚀面山麓侵蚀平面山顶面侵蚀循环回春作用negative landformnormal landforminverted landforminversion of landformerosional landformplanation surfacepeneplaindenudation sufaceerosion surfacepedimentpediplainsummit planeerosion cyclerejuvenation相关沉积地壳均衡新构造运动构造地貌学丹霞地貌构造高原构造阶地单面山方山猪背脊线形现象断层崖断层线崖断层三角面correlated sedimentsisostasyneotectonic movementstructural geomorphology, tectonic geomorphology“Danxia” landformstructural plateaustructural terracecuesta(西）mesahogback ridgelineamentfault scarpfau