摘 要摘 要基于我国目前的环境情况，大量金属离子和有机污染物随工农业和生活污水排入到河流湖泊中，导致大范围严重的水污染。生物标志物应用于水环境风险评价中，反映水体重金属污染对水生生物的综合毒性效应，达到对水环境的预警作用。本文选取长江中下游代表性底栖生物铜锈环棱螺和中华圆田螺为受试生物，采用室内培养法研究铜-镉、铜-锌、及锌-镉复合污染对铜锈环棱螺的生态毒理效应，分析重金属复合暴露下，铜锈环棱螺内脏团抗氧化防御系统各指标的变化、探究底栖生物螺类内脏重金属含量与底泥污染物之间的相关性、筛选敏感的生物标志物指标；同时采用主动生物监测法（ABM ）对南京市重金属污染水域进行监测分析，对生物标志物进行综合分析，探讨了底栖生物抗氧化指标作为污染水环境预警系统的可行性。室内模拟试验表明，在底泥中Cu含量为0-200mg/kg，Cd为0-100mg/kg的复合污染暴露下，铜锈环棱螺内脏团Cu富集量随时间的延长呈先上升后下降的趋势，最高值出现在（50-5（mg/kg）复合暴露浓度组，含量为137.840.97（mg/kg）；Cd含量在第10d表现出迅速上升的趋势。抗氧化酶活性显示：SOD活性随时间的延长，表现出先增高后下降的趋势；MDA含量在20d，出现了最大值；CAT变化与SOD活性趋势基本一致。Cu-Zn复合暴露试验，Cu富集量在生物内脏团中呈现不一致的变化趋势，并且在20d，低浓度暴露下，Cu富集量达到了最高值为538.92.21（mg/kg）；Zn富集量随时间的延长，各暴露浓度组均呈先上升后下降的趋势。SOD活性在暴露第20d，低浓度和高浓度组活性升高；MDA含量在第30d，暴露浓度为100-200mg/kg时，达到了最高值；GST活性整体呈现抑制作用；CAT活性在第20d低浓度和中浓度组活性升高。Zn-Cd复合暴露试验表明，在暴露10d，铜锈环棱螺内脏团Zn富集量呈先诱导后抑制的作用，且复合浓度为400-100（mg/kg）暴露下，出现了最低值为116.460.54；Cd在生物内脏团富集量较少。抗氧化酶活性显示：SOD活性在10d暴露下，呈先增高、后降低的变化，CAT活性明显下降；30d，CAT活性与SOD活性的变化趋势一致。MDA含量在暴露30d后，其含量达到4.86（nmol/mg pr）。GST活性在暴露10d，GST活性没有受到显著诱导，暴露时间延长到30d，各浓度组显示抑制作用，其中高浓度组抑制作用达到最大。现场动态监测结果表明，作为对照的0号水体（饮用水源地水库）监测点综合污染指数（IBR）为6.79；1号因周边生活污水的排入，且1号河道监测点IBR为9.21，底泥中Zn含量较高；紧临铜矿工业区的2号河道IBR为9.48，污染程度较重，其中底泥中Cu含量达到了最大，含量为460.12.35（mg/kg）。人工放养的铜锈环棱螺抗氧化酶活性显示：SOD活性先升后降、MDA含量呈不同的变化、GST活性在30d，1号监测点出现显著诱导现象、CAT活性随时间的变化均是在降低。人工放养的中华圆田螺抗氧化酶活性表明：SOD活性在15d和30d，均被轻微诱导；MDA含量在2号点出现最大值；GST活性在第15d，各监测点均出现抑制现象；CAT活性在监测期间呈先降低后升高的趋势。关键词： 重金属；复合污染；生物标志物；铜锈环棱螺；中华圆田IAbstrctAbstractBased on current environmental, a large number of metal ions and organic containments discharged into rivers, resulting in serious water pollution. Biomarkers always used in the water environmental risk assessment, reflect comprehensive toxic effects of water heavy mental pollution on aquatic organisms. This paper select Bellamya aeruginosa and Cipangopaludina cahayensis in Yangtze river as test organism, take indoor cultivation measures to study Cu-Cd, Cu-Zn, Zn-Cd complex pollution to the ecological toxicology effects of Bellamya aeruginosa. And use the active biological monitoring (ABM) to monitor and analyze the river polluted by heavy metal, explore the Feasibility to use the Antioxidant index of benthos as the water pollution environmental warning system. Indoor simulation show that Cu content was 0-200mg/kg and Cd content was 0-100mg/kg , Bellamya aeruginosa visceral mass Cu enrichment was first increased and then decreased with time, the highest value in (50-5 (mg / kg), content 137.84 0.97 (mg / kg); Cd content at 10d exhibit rapid upward trend. Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Display: SOD activity with time, showing a downward trend after the first increase; MDA content in the 20d, the emergence of the maximum; CAT and SOD activity changes consistent trend.Cu-Zn composite exposure, Cu enrichment show inconsistencies in the biological visceral mass, low concentrations and in the 20d, Cu enrichment reached a maximum value of 538.9 2.21 (mg / kg); with time , Zn enrichment showed a downward trend after and first rise. SOD activity in the exposed section 20d, low concentration and high concentration group increased activity; MDA content in the first 30d, when exposed to a concentration of 100-200mg/kg, reaching the highest value; GST activity as a whole showed inhibition; CAT activity in section 20d low concentrations and elevated concentrations of group activity.Zn-Cd exposure tests show Bellamya aeruginosa visceral mass Zn enrichment was suppressed after and first induction effect in 10d, compound concentration of 400-100 (mg / kg) exposure, minimum value 116.46 0.54; Cd less visceral mass in biological enrichment. Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Display: SOD activity at 10d exposure, was first increased, then decreased changes, CAT activity was significantly decreased; consistent with changes in the activity of SOD activity 30d, CAT trend. MDA levels after exposure 30d, its content reaches 4.86 (nmol / mg pr). GST activity when exposed 10d, GST activity was not affected significantly induced, prolonged exposure to 30d, each group showed inhibitory concentration, which reached maximum inhibition of the high concentration group.Scene dynamic monitoring results show that as the number 0 in control of the water (source of drinking water reservoirs) monitoring point pollution index (IBR) is 6.79; No. 1, because of sewage discharged into the surrounding, and the 1st river monitoring sites IBR 9.21, high sediment content of Zn; close to the industrial area on the 2nd copper river IBR 9.48, heavy pollution levels, which sediment Cu content reaches the maximum content of 460.1 2.35 (mg / kg). Artificial stocking Bellamya aeruginosa antioxidant enzyme activity Show: After the first lift of SOD, MDA content was different variations, GST activity in the 30d, the 1st monitoring points appear significantly induced phenomena, CAT activity changes over time are in reduced. Artificial stocking Chinese Cipangopaludina cahayensis antioxidant enzyme activity showed: SOD activity in the 15d and 30d, are