(完整word)哈佛幸福课第三课英文字幕Positive Psychology Lecture 3Good morning， everyone. This semester has started， officially today. Glad to see you here。 Just a couple of announcement and also hi to the extension school students. Last time we say hi to New Zealand。 Today we are saying hi to Ireland。 In terms of sectioning for the undergrads and graduate students here, youll get an email from Sean Achor tomorrow. And youll put in your section preference。 We are sectioning this weekend.So it will be important that you submit your top preferences. And next week we are starting。 Last time， if you remember the question that we ask, the guiding question was why positive psychology？ And I mentioned three reasons, Why we need it as an independent field as opposed to just being well， lets do some studies on happiness, on relationships” as it is always being done？ The reason why we need positive psychology is to shift the pendulum from the 21:1 ratio that we have today: for every one study on depression or anxiety, we have 21 studies on- sorry， for one study on happiness or wellbeing, we have 21 studies on depression and anxiety. We want to shift the pendulum slightly。 And I mentioned three reason why we want to shift this pendulum despite the fact that there are rising levels of depression around the world, that anxiety has become epidemic globally on college campuses in United States， China, Australia， UK。 Despite that fact, I argue that we need to shift the pendulum and do more ”positive research, or in other words, research that focuses on what works. And the reason is the first reason that we gave and we are just finishing up is because the question that we ask, whether its the research questions that we ask, or the questions that we ask of ourselves, or our partners， matter. And if our only questions, or primarily our questions are ”what is not working? What is the problem？ Why are so many kids failing as a result of their circumstances？” If we only ask these questions， we will miss, literally miss an important part of reality， just like you missed the children on the bus in the exercise。 Most of you did. And if we also ask the positive question， then some new possibilities, new quests open up, just like they did for the researchers when they started to ask no longer ”why do so many individuals fail？ but started to ask ”what do some individuals do and succeed？ Why do some individuals succeed despite the unfavorable circumstances？”And then we have the story of Marva Collins, who exemplifies so many of themes that well talk about throughout the course。 What Marva Collins did was help her students shift from the passive victim you are victims of your circumstances， of your upbringing， neighborhood ,country， whatever it isfrom a passive victim to an active agent. Yes, its difficult. Its tough。 Its unfair. However， its your responsibility. No one is coming。 Its up to you to make that difference in your life。 And she made a difference to thousands of peoples lives and continues to do so. In other words， if we look at the case of Chicago school system where Marva Collins was teaching, the conventional， traditional question was- if you remember- ”how can we keep these students in school for as long as possible? How can we keep them in school beyond the age of 10 or 12 so that they dont join street gangs？ So that they are not hurt by drugs or crime？” How can we keep them safe at school?” An important question to ask。 However， not enough。 Marva Collins comes along and reframes the question。 And her question becomes how can we cultivate the seed of greatness in our student？” And that， once again， made all the difference， because she saw the seed of greatness in each student。 She saw the strength, the virtues in each single student。 A seed, a strength, a virtue， a competence that other teachers did not see， because they did not ask this question; because they asked, metaphorically speaking, how many geometric shapes do you see on the screen?” And they completely missed the children on the bus. They completely missed the seed of greatness. And when we dont see the seed of greatness， when we dont water it and shed a light on it, it withers and dies, which is unfortunately the fate of most human potential.Wherever we go， that is the fate of most human potential interpersonally, relationships， in most organizations， in most universities， in most individuals. Questions make a difference, which is why it is also important to ask the positive psychology question, which is the salutogenic question: ”What is source of health? What is the source of success? What is the source of wellbeing？ So thats the first reason. The second reason before I go to the second reason， if Marva Collins is here today， heres the question she would be asking us： ”How can we cultivate the seed of greatness in ourselves and families， in our communities and organizations, in our nation and in our world?” When we ask this question