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初一英语上册总复习知识点考点总结归纳全 初一英语上册知识点全 1. 名词 表示人或事物的名称,如 boy, clock, book, tree。 总的说来,名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。 专有名词是个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称,如: Jim, China 专有名词的第一个字母要大写,如:Beijing, New York 名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词:可以用数目计算,有单数和复数两种形式,如:an apple, two apples, a car, some cars 不可数名词:一般无法用数目计算,没有复数形式,且不用不定冠词a/an修饰,如:water, milk, meat, tea, bread, rice 单数名词变复数名词的规则如下表: 注:少数名词的复数是不规则的,如: manmen womanwomen childchildren 表示民族的名词,有的在词尾加 s ,如: an Americanthree Americans 有的单、复数形式相同,如: a Chinesefour Chinese a sheepthree sheep a deerfive deer 2. 冠词 冠词是一种虚词,不能单独使用,只能和一个名词一起使用,并帮助说明此名词。冠词有两类,即定冠词the 和不定冠词a/an。 不定冠词 常表示“一”的概念,有两种形式:a和an。a用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前,如:a book, a pen;an用在元音音素开头的名词前,如:an apple,an orange,an egg。 定冠词the 常表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”的概念,the在元音音素前读,在辅音音素前读 ,如:the moon, the evening。 eg. -Do you have an English book? -Yes, but the English book is broken. There is a chicken in the picture. We can't see the sun at night. The Browns are going to the park this Sunday. Shanghai is in the east of China. 3. 形容词 用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征,在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。 如: It's a sunny day today. Let's go to the park. This book is good. It's very nice of you to help us. 常见形容词的同义词与近义词: largebig 大的 gladhappy/pleased 高兴的 cleverbright 聪明的 illsick 病的 finewell 好的 常见形容词的反义词和对应词: bad(坏的)good(好的) big(大的)small(小的) busy(忙的) free(空闲的) dry(干的)wet(湿的) same(相同的)different(不同的) empty(空的)full(满的) cold(寒冷的)hot(热的) open(开着的)closed(关闭的) poor(穷的)rich(富的) 4. 副词 用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,在句中作状语或表语。 eg. Now he is back in New York again. 现在他又回到了纽约。 Mike is a good student. He often does his homework carefully. 副词一般分为七大类: 时间副词: now, often, then, early, ago, before 地点副词: here, there, out, above, up, down 方式副词: hard, well, badly, fast, slowly 程度副词: very, much, still, almost, too, so 疑问副词: how, when, why, where 关系副词: when, where, why 连接副词: now, where, why often 等表示“频率”的时间副词,总被放在句子中间,又称“中置副词”。这类副词有 always(总是)、 usually(通常)、sometimes(有时)、ever(曾经)、never(从不)等。 “中置”规律: 放在单个的 be 动词之后; 放在单个实义动词之前; 谓语动词为多个词时,放在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。 如: You are always late for school. 你总是上学迟到。 I usually go to school by bike. I never see that book. He often helps other students. He goes to work on foot sometimes. 5. 比较等级 在进行比较的时候,形容词和副词有原级、比较级和级三种形式。 规则形容词和副词的比较级和级加 -er或-est。 (1)不规则变化的形容词和副词如下: betterbest wors worst (许多)many/muchmoremost (几乎没有)littlelessleast (远的)farfartherfarthest (老的,旧的)old (2)三种句型 原级句型: as+形容词/副词+as,表示“和一样”;否定句式:not as/so +形容词/副词+as,表示“和不一样”。 eg. I think Kate does just as well as Ann. If you like the chicken, you may have as much as you can. I don't like the film. It's not so interesting as that one. 比较级句型: a. 主语+谓语+比较级+than+其它,表示“较一些”。 eg. This city is more beautiful than that one. It is hotter today than yesterday. He is a much nicer worker. b. 比较级+and+比较级,more and more+原级,表示“越来越”,说明本身程度的改变。 eg. The world's population is growing faster and faster. 世界人口增长得越来越快。 more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮 c. the+比较级, the+比较级,表示“越就越”,说明随着前边条件的变化,后边的结果也发生变化。 eg. The more she eats, the fatter she'll be. 她吃得越多就会越胖。 The more, the better. 越多越好。 级句型: 主语+谓语+(the)形容词或副词的级+in/of 注:级前一般要用the,如: He is the most careful student. 但在副词级前the可以省去,如:He writes(the)most carefully in his class. This kind of cake is the most delicious. I like English best. Mike is the youngest in his class. He runs fastest. 初一英语上册知识点全 (1)this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词。 (2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。 如: This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处)That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处) (3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this, 后说that。 如: This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。 (4)向别人介绍某人时说This is, 不说That is。 如:This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆。 (5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。 如: This is a bike. Thats a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。 (6)打电话时,介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。 如: Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂,是格林小姐吗? Yes, this is. Whos that? 是的,我是,你是谁? 注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:I am, Are you?/Who are you? (7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。 如: Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗?Yes, it is. 是的,它是。 Whats that? 那是什么?Its a kite. 是只风筝。 初一英语上册知识点全 unit5. Do you have a soccer ball? 句型: Do you have a TV? Yes, I do/No, I dont. Do they have a computer? Yes, they do./No, they dont. Does he have a tennis racket? Yes, he does./No, he doesnt. Does she have a soccer ba
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