2022年考博英语-中国科学院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Since the dawn of civilization, mankind has been obsessed by the possibility that it will one day be extinguished. The impact of an asteroid on earth and the spectre of nuclear holocaust are the most prevalent millennial fears. Now some scientists are increasingly leaning towards the view that a new nightmare must be added to the list. Their concern is that intelligent computers will eventually develop minds of their own and destroy the human race.The latest warning comes from Professor Stephen Hawking. He told an interviewer this week that artificial intelligence could “outsmart us all” and that a technological catastrophe is a “near certainty”.Most non-experts will dismiss his claims as a fantasy rooted in science fiction. But the pace of progress in artificial intelligence, or AI, means policy makers should already be considering the social consequences.According to a recent survey, half the worlds AI experts believe human-level machine intelligence will be achieved by 2040 and 90 per cent say it will arrive by 2075. Several AI experts talk about the possibility that the human brain will eventually be “reverse engineered”. Some prominent tech leaders, meanwhile, warn that the consequences are unpredictable. Elon Musk, the pioneer of electric cars, has argued that advanced computer technology is “potentially more dangerous than nuclear threats. That said, the risk that computers might one day pose a challenge to humanity should be put in perspective. Scientists may not be able to say with certainty when, or if, machines will match or outperform mankind.But before the world gets to that point, the drawing together of both human and computer intelligence will almost certainly help to tackle pressing problems that cannot otherwise be solved. The growing ability of computers to crunch enormous quantities of data, for example, will play a huge role in helping humanity tackle climate change and disease over the next few decades. It would be folly to arrest the development of computer technology now一and forgo those benefits一because of risks that lie much further in the future.There is every reason to be optimistic about AI research. There is no evidence that scientists will struggle to control computers, even at their most advanced stage. But this is a sector in which pioneers must tread carefullyand with their eyes open to the enduring ability of science to surprise us.1.According to Paragraph 1 , （ ）.2.The underlined word “catastrophe” can be interpreted as（ ）.3.Professor Stephen Hawking believes that artificial intelligence（ ）.4.AI experts contend that（ ）.5.With the help of computer intelligence, human beings can（ ）.6.The author suggests that we should（ ）.问题1选项A.human civilization will some day disappearB.intelligent computers will threaten mankind one dayC.natural disasters will lead to human extinctionD.artificial intelligence will control the human mind问题2选项A.revolutionB.advancementC.challengeD.disaster问题3选项A.will be much smarter than humansB.only appears in science fictionsC.should not be overdevelopedD.will have negative social impacts问题4选项A.humans may be threatened by artificial intelligenceB.the implications of AI development is still unknownC.the human brain will not be subject to machine intelligenceD.computer technology can cause massive destruction问题5选项A.solve technical problemsB.conduct vast data analysisC.forecast weather preciselyD.prevent fatal diseases问题6选项A.restrict AI development due to the potential risksB.be optimistic about AI and maximize the benefitsC.cautiously develop AI with an open attitudeD.suspend AI research at its most advanced stage【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B第6题:C【解析】1.段落大意题。将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据 “Since the dawn of civilization, mankind has been obsessed by the possibility that it will one day be extinguished” “t intelligent computers will eventually develop minds of their own and destroy the human race.（自从文明诞生以来，人类就一直被这样一种可能性所困扰:有一天，智能计算机将被消灭，而智能计算机最终将发展出人类自己的思想，并毁灭人类。）”即可得出本题答案。2.词汇推断题。根据题干信息，将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据前文的 “warning（警告）”和第一段的 “extinguished（灭绝的）”，即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词Stephen Hawking，可将信息定位至原文第二段。根据 “artificial intelligence could outsmart us all and that a technological catastrophe is a near certainty（ 人工智能可能“智胜我们所有人”，一场技术灾难“几乎是肯定的”）”即可得出本题答案。4.观点态度题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第三段。根据 “the consequences are unpredictable” “potentially more dangerous than nuclear threats.（其后果是不可预测的，可能比核威胁更危险）”即可归纳总结得出本题答案。5.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“help of computer intelligence”，可将信息点定位至原文第五段。 根据 “The growing ability of computers to crunch enormous quantities of data（计算机处理大量数据的能力越来越强，）,”即可得出本题答案。6.观点态度题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段。根据 “There is every reason to be optimistic about AI research（我们完全有理由对人工智能研究保持乐观）” “pioneers must tread carefully（开拓者必须