学习必备欢迎下载动词的时、体、态、式内容提要：动词的时、体、态、式时态的用法助动词的用法动词的时、体、态、式现代英语的两时两体Whatdowemeanbytenseandaspect?Tenseisagrammaticalformofverbsthattellsofthedistinctionsoftime.Englishverbshavetwotenses:thepresent()andthepast(-ed).Aspectisagrammaticalformthatindicateswhetheranactionorstateisviewedascompleteorincomplete.Englishverbshavetwoaspects:theprogressive(-ing)andtheperfective(-ed).ThereisnosuchathingasfuturetenseinEnglishcorrespondingtothepresentandpasttense;rather,thereareanumberofwaysofexpressingfuturetime,eg:shall/begoingto+mainverb.Possibleverbformsinthecombinationoftenseandaspect:Tenseaspectcombinationactivevoicepassivevoice1.simplepresentplaysam/is/areplayed2.simplepastplayedwas/wereplayed3.presentprogressiveam/is/areplayingam/is/are学习必备欢迎下载beingplayed4.pastprogressivewas/wereplayingwas/werebeingplayed5.presentperfectivehave/hasplayedhave/hasbeenplayed6.pastperfectivehadplayedhadbeenplayed7.presentperfectiveprogressivehave/hasbeenplaying-8.pastperfectiveprogressivehadbeenplaying-动词的态(Voice)Voiceisagrammaticalformofverbsthatshowswhetherthesubjectofasentenceactsorisactedon.Englishverbshavetwovoices:activevoice()andpassivevoice(-ed).-Twoformsofpassivevoice:(1)“be+Ved”;(2)“get+V-ed”.Eg:Intheend,hegotpunishedforacrime.Shortlyafterwards,thepolicestoppedthecarandbothmenwerearrested.Whenlightsfuse,furnituregetsrickety,pipesgetclogged,orvacuumcleanersfailtooperate,wivesautomaticallyassumethattheirhusbandswillsomehowputthingsright.Theworkshouldbedoneatonce.Hewasofferedsomeassistance.Thewindowshavebeenpaintedwhite.HamletwaswrittenbyShakespeare.Thechildrenarewelllookedafter.Thismatterisbeinglookedinto.Otherpossibilitiesweretalkedaboutatthemeeting.Whenwasthehospitalsetup?Thesportsmeetistobeputoff.Iamproudtobethuschosen.Ihopetobenominated.Hewantstobeinvited.Heenjoysbeingflattered.学习必备欢迎下载动词的式(Mood)Moodisagrammaticalformofverbsthatindicateswhetheranutteranceexpressesafact,acommandorrequest,oranon-factualmeaning.Englishverbshavethreemoods:indicative,imperative,andsubjunctive.Tellinwhatmoodeachofthefollowingsentencesis.Makeyourselfathome.Itisdesirablethateverythingbereadybyfiveoclock.FranceliesonthewindwardsideofEurope.Theharshweatherlastyearistheresultoftheglobalgreenhouseeffect.Dontbelateforclass.IwishIcouldhelp.InmodernEnglish,non-factualmeaningcanbeexpressedbyanumberofways,bythesimplepast,bythepastprogressive,bythepastperfective,bypasttensemodals+V,byconditionals,andofcourse,bysubjunctivemood.Eg.IshouldbetherebynowifIhadstartedearlier.HowIwishIhadgonetherewithyou!Hewoulddoitifyouaskedhim.IfyoushouldseeCelia,givehermybestwishes.Englishverbshavetwoformsofsubjunctivemood:(1)“be-subjunctive”;thatis,theverbtakesthebaseform.(2)“were-subjunctive”,thatis,theverbhasonlythewereform.Eg.IwishIwereyoungagain.Itisessentialthatherecognizehisfaults.IfIwereinyourshoes(position),Iwouldaccepttheterms.Ifthatbeso,weshalltakeactionatonce.Heorderedthatallthebooksbesentatonce.Weproposethatsomebodyneutraltakethechair.Itisnecessarythathecomebackwithoutdelay.Iftherumourbetrue,everythingispossible.Quietlywesatontheriverbanklestthefishswimaway.Whateverbehisdefense,wecannottoleratehisdisloyalty.Godblessyou!Sobeit.IfonlyIwerenotsonervous.学习必备欢迎下载Hebehavesasthoughhewerebetterthanus.Thoughthewholeworldwereagainstme,IwoulddowhatIconsiderasright.Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.IdratherIwerenotatthesiteoftheaccident.