Have you ever experienced any natural disasters?volcano(火山火山)sandstorm(沙尘暴沙尘暴)Can you tell some kind of natural disasters?drought(旱灾旱灾)tsunami(海啸海啸)typhoon（台风）（台风）fire(火灾）火灾）Lesson 62What was the danger to the villagers after the fire?Theheavyrainwouldnotonlywashawaythesoilbutwouldcauseseriousfloodsaswell.Expressions 控制住不久之前方圆数英里升起开始，来临以威胁不仅而且冲走最后扑灭几吨重的大量的生根代替under control a short time before miles around rise up come on threatenwithnot onlybutas well wash away at last put out several tons of in huge quantities take root in place of1.过去完成进行时 构成：含义：2.过去完成时构成：含义：Language pointshad been+doing强调某动作在过去更早的某一段时间强调某动作在过去更早的某一段时间内一直在进行，并对过去某一时刻产内一直在进行，并对过去某一时刻产生结果。生结果。had done它表示过去某时或某动作发生之前已它表示过去某时或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作或情况，经完成的动作或情况，即即“较早的过去较早的过去”。课本例句Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks.时态：A short time before,great tress had covered the countryside for miles around.时态：时态：过去完成进行时过去完成进行时过去更早以前的某段时间内动作一直在进行，并对过去某一时刻造成影响过去完成时过去完成时它表示过去某时或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作或情况，即“较早的过去”。Language points3.control 控制住 控制不住 4.四个四个“因为因为”:因为.强调直接原因.:因为.强调双方已知无需用说明的事由.:因为.强调一种推测.但不一定是事实.:强调一般因果关系.用于句首.under control out of controlbecausesinceforas5.不仅而且6.出现 V消失 V外表 NLanguage pointsnot onlybutas wellnot onlybut(also)appeardisappearappearanceput out put on put offput away 扑灭，熄灭扑灭，熄灭穿上穿上推迟推迟收起来，放好收起来，放好Language points put 的词组的词组Summary1Howlongdidittakethefirementogettheforestfireundercontrol?2Hadallthegreattreesbeenburntornot?Wastheredangerthatheavyrainwouldcauseseriousfloodsornot?Wouldthefloodsdestroythesurroundingvillagernot?(Nowthatwhich)3Didtheforestauthoritiesordergrass-seedtopreventthisornot?Forhowlongwasitsprayedoverthegroundbyplanes?(Topreventthis.which)4Diditbegintorainornot?Wherehadthegrasstakenroot?(Bythetimethat)翻译1.这个小偷用一个小刀威胁他。2.火已经收到控制。3.这是方圆数里唯一的建筑物。4.一个木桥被洪水冲走了。5.这个主意应经在他脑海里生根了。6.Jane代替Mary接了电话。7.伴随着冬天的到来，春天就不远了。GrammarGrammar一、构成：一、构成：二、二、concept1、过去完成进行时用于强调某动作在过去、过去完成进行时用于强调某动作在过去更早的某一段时间内一直在进行，并对过更早的某一段时间内一直在进行，并对过去某一时刻产生结果。与它经常连用的表去某一时刻产生结果。与它经常连用的表示时间的词有示时间的词有 等等.She was very tired.She had been typing letters all days.Id been racing horses for years before I met my wife.过去完成进行时过去完成进行时（the past perfect progressive tense)had been+现在分词现在分词before,for,since,all dayGrammar1.构成，构成，2.概念，它表示过去某时或某动作发生之前已经完成的动概念，它表示过去某时或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作或情况，作或情况，即即“较早的过去较早的过去”。常用的连词有。常用的连词有when,after,as soon as,(not)until,by that time,(never)before,already,for,since,just等。等。After he had said goodbye to us all,Captain Alison started his journey.除此之外还常与连词除此之外还常与连词no soonerthan和和hardlywhen连连用。用。He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.过去完成时 （The simple past perfect tense)had+过去分词过去分词Grammar过去完成进行时与过去完成时的比较过去完成进行时与过去完成时的比较1、过去完成时和过去完成进行时有时、过去完成时和过去完成进行时有时可以替换可以替换使用：使用：Dan had worked/had been working for the firm for fifteen years when I first met him.我第一次遇到丹时，他已在该公司干了我第一次遇到丹时，他已在该公司干了15年了。年了。2.She had cleaned the office,so it was very tidy.她已经打扫过办公室了，所以很整洁。她已经打扫过办公室了，所以很整洁。(强调结果强调结果)She had been cleaning the office,so we had to wait outside.她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在外面等着她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在外面等着。(强调动作一直在进行强调动作一直在进行)Grammar过去完成进行时与过去完成时的比较过去完成进行时与过去完成时的比较3、需要表示某个工作、需要表示某个工作已经完成已经完成时，只能用过去完成时时，只能用过去完成时.When I got home,I found that Jill had been painting her room.我回到家时，看见吉尔在粉刷她的房间。（工作尚未完成）我回到家时，看见吉尔在粉刷她的房间。（工作尚未完成）When I got home,I found that Jill had painted her room.我回到家时，吉尔已经粉刷过她的房间了。（已完成）我回到家时，吉尔已经粉刷过她的房间了。（已完成）When I arrived,theyd already put the fire out.我到达时，他们已经把火扑灭了。（不可用过去完成进行时）我到达时，他们已经把火扑灭了。（不可用过去完成进行时）真题链接真题链接 1.Theyreceivedtheparcelthatthey_foralongtime.A.expectedB.haveexpectedC.hadbeenexpectingD.hadexpected2.He_morethan5,000Englishwordswhenheentereduniversityattheageof15.A.haslearnedB.wouldhavelearnedC.learnedD.hadlearned3.Shedidntpasstheexamsbecauseshe_herlessonswell.wasntpreparedB.wasntbeenpreparedC.hadntpreparedD.waspreparing4.We_fourthousandnewwordsbytheendoflastyears.A.hadlearnedB.havelearnedC.learnedD.willhavelearnedcDCB真题链接真题链接5.Heaskedme_duringthesummerholidays.A.whereIhadbeenB.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeenD.wherehadIgone6.MyFather_forLondononbusinessuponmyarrival,soIdidntseehim.A.hasleftB.leftC.wasleavingD.hadleft7.Thepolicemansattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich_placedundertheMinisterscar.AhasbeenBwasbeingChadbeenDwouldbeADCSpecialdifficulties1.greatandbig,它们都有大的意思，但great通常与重要性与重要性有关有关系，表示“伟大的”、“重大的”、重要的“等含义，big则较为口语化口语化，表示体积、规模体积、规模等方面的”大“。弗兰克刚作出一项重大的决定。据说这幅画是一位伟大的画家画的。（不可用BIG)萨姆是个大块头。你家的房子比我家的大。另外表示另外表示大的单词大的单词large huge massive Frankhasjustmadeagreatdecision.Thispictureissaidtobepaintedbyagreatpainter.Samisabigman.Yourhouseisbiggerthanmine.Specialdifficulties2、soil and groundsoil主要用于指“土土”、”土地土地“、”土壤土壤“Heavyrainwillwashawaythesoilfromdesolatehills.大雨将把泥土从荒凉的山丘上冲走。Treesandgrassgrowquicklyinrichsoil.草木在肥沃的土壤里生长迅速。ground含义较广。它除了可以表示”土地“、”土壤“外，还可以表示”地面地面“、”场地场地“等。Dontsitontheground.不要坐在地上。Hethrewthecuptotheground.他把茶杯摔在地上。Thereisafootballgroundinouruniversity。我们大学里有一个足球场。