2022年考博英语-山西大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题A new era is upon us. Call it what you will: the service economy, the information age, the knowledge society. It has changed the way we work. Already were partly there. The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically in the Western World. Today the majority of jobs in America, Europe and Japan (two thirds or more in many of these countries) are in the service industry, and the number is on the rise. More women are in the work force than ever before. There are more part-time jobs. More people are self-employed. But the breadth of the economic transformation cant be measured by numbers alone, because it also is giving rise to a basic new way of thinking about the nature of work itself. Long-held concepts about jobs and careers, the skills needed to succeed, even the relation between individuals and employers all these are being challenged.We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead. No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip, would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots. Tomorrows achievements in biotechnology, artificial intelligence or even some still unimagined technology could produce a similar wave of dramatic changes. But one thing is certain: information and knowledge will become even more important, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth. Computer knowledge will become as basic a requirement as the ability to read and write. The ability to solve problems by applying information instead of performing routine tasks will be valued above all else. If you cast your mind ahead 10 years, information services will be predominant. It will be the way you do your job.1.A characteristic of the information age is that（ ）.2.One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that（ ）.3.By referring to computers and other inventions, the author means that（ ）.4.The future will probably belong to those who（ ）.5.Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.the service industry is relying more and more on the female work forceB.manufacturing industries are steadily increasingC.people find it harder and harder to earn a living by working in factoriesD.most of the job opportunities can now be found in the service industry问题2选项A.the difference between the employee and the employer has become insignificantB.peoples traditional concepts about work no longer hold trueC.most people have to take part-time jobsD.people have to change their jobs from time to time问题3选项A.people should be able to respond quickly to the advancement of technologyB.future achievements in technology will bring about unbelievable changesC.the importance of high technology has been overlookedD.computer science will play a leading role in the future information service问题4选项A.possess and know how to make use of informationB.give full play to their brain potential are involved in the service industriesC.involve themselves in the service industriesD.cast their mind ahead instead of looking back问题5选项A.Computers and the knowledge societyB.Service Industries in the Modern SocietyC.Features and meanings of the New EraD.Rapid Advancement of Information Technology【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节推断题。根据第一段第六句Today the majority of jobs in America, Europe and Japan (two thirds or more in many of these countries) are in the service industry, and the number is on the rise.（如今，美国、欧洲和日本的大部分工作（其中许多国家三分之二或更多）都在服务行业，而且这一数字还在上升。），可知服务行业提供大部分工作机会，故D选项“服务行业提供大部分工作机会”正确。A选项“服务业越来越依赖女性劳动力”：根据第一段倒数第二句，越来越多女性参加工作，但不等于服务业越来越依赖女性。B选项“制造业稳步增长”和C选项“人们发现在工厂工作越来越难以谋生”：根据第一段第五句，制造产品的人比例急剧下降，没有提到制造业薪水问题。因此D选项正确。2.语义推测题。根据第一段第十句it also is giving rise to a basic new way of thinking about the nature of work itself（它也形成一个基本的新的思考工作本身的性质的方式。）和最后一句Long-held concepts about jobs and careersall these are being challenged（长期以来人们对工作和职业的观念所有这些都受到了挑战），可见人们对工作和职业的思考方式完全转变成另一种新的，故B选项“人们关于工作的传统观念不再成立”正确。A选项“雇员和雇主之间的差异已经变得微不足道”：根据第一段最后一句，雇员和雇主之间的关系受到挑战，没有提到差异微不足道。C选项“大多数人不得不做兼职工作”：根据第一段最后一句，兼职工作更多，不等于大多数人不得不做兼职工作。D选项“人们不得不时不时地换工作”：文章没有提到。因此B选项正确。3.综合归纳题。第二段第一句We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead（我们只要回顾过去，就能对未来有所了解）和最后一句It will be the way you do your job（这将是你工作的方式），可知作者通过举计算机和其他发明的例子让读者知道未来技术的发展方向和对工作的影响，旨在表达要对技术的进步做出相应的反应，故A选项“人们应该能够对技术的进步做出迅速反应”正确。其余选项虽然作者有提到，但是不是核心意思。因此A选项正确。4.综合归纳题。在第二段中，作者提到We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie aheadlooking ahead 20 yearscast your mind ahead 10 years（我们只要回顾过去，就能对未来有所了解展望未来20年以10年后的角度思考），可见作者反复强调现在就要把目光放在未来，故D选项“思考未来，而非看向过去”正确。A选项“掌握并懂得如何利用信息”：运用信息解决问题的能力是一方面，不是核心。B选项“充分发挥大脑潜能的人都从