Unit1lexfOrganization:.ParagraphsMainIdeas.-Paras1-2IntroductionBothNapoleonsandHitlersPartOnemilitarycampaignsfailedbecauseoftheseverityoftheRussianwinter.PartTwoParas3-11NapoleonsmilitarycampaignagainstRussiaPartParas12-20HitlersmilitarycampaignagainsttheSovietThreePara21UnionTheelementsofnaturemustbePartFourConclusionreckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign.2.SectionsParagraphsSectionOneParas12-13SectionTwoParas14-18SectionParas19-20ThreeVocabularyI.1.1)alliance3) stroke5) minus7)declarationsMainIdeasHitlersblitzkriegagainstRussiaandStalinsscorchedearthpolicythebattlesfoughtatLeningrad,MoscowandStalingradtheRussiancounter-offensiveandtheoutcomeofthewar2) atthecostof4)limp6) regions8) siege9)raw10)bidehistime11)havetakentheirtoll12)inthecaseof2.1)isfacedwith2)getboggeddown3)ispressingon/pressedon4)dragon5)getby6)dineout7)havecutback8)getthrough3.1)Therapidadvanceingenetherapymayleadtotheconquestofcancerinthenearfuture.2)Productioninmanyfactorieshasbeenbroughttoahaltbythedelayedarrivalofrawmaterialsduetothedockworkersstrike.3)Sarahasmadeuphermindthatherleisureinterestswill/shouldnevergetinthewayofhercareer.4)Obviouslythereportersquestioncaughttheforeignministeroffguard.5)Theintroductionoftheelectroniccalculatorhasrenderedtheslideruleoutofdate/obsolete.4.1)Beingfacedwithanenemyforcesmuchsuperiortoours,wehadtogiveuptheoccupationofbigcitiesandretreattotheruralandmountainousregionstobuildupourbases.2)Unityiscrucialtotheefficientoperationofanorganization.Failuretoreckonwiththisproblemwillweakenitsstrength.Inmanycases,workmaybebroughttoahaltbyconstantinternalstruggleinanorganization.3)TheRedArmyfoughtaheroicbattleatStalingradandwonthedecisivevictoryagainsttheGermans.Infact,thisbattleturnedthetideintheSecondWorldWar.Duringthisfamousbattle,theSoviettroopswithstoodtheGermansiegeandweakenedtheGermanarmybylaunchingaseriesofcounterattacks.II. MoreSynonymsinContext1) DuringtheFirstWorldWar,battlesoccurredhereandthereovervastareas.SomeofthemostdramaticfightingtookplaceinthegloomytrenchesofFranceandBelgium.2)Elizabethmadecarefulpreparationsfortheinterviewandherefforts/homeworkpaidoff.3)1spenthourstryingtotalkhimintoacceptingthesettlement,butheturnedadeafeartoallmywords.4) Pneumoniahadseverelyweakenedherbody,andIwonderedhowherfragilebodycouldwithstandtheharshweather.-90-AppendixIIII.Usage1)Butoftenitisnotuntilwefallillthatwefinallylearntoappreciategoodhealth.2)Aricholdladylaydeadathomefortwoweeksandnobodyknewanythingaboutit.3)Itssaidhedroppeddeadfromaheartattackwhenhewasatwork1)Dontsittooclosetothefiretokeepwarmyoucouldeasilygetburned,especiallyifyoufallasleep.4)Inthosedayspeoplebelievedinmarryingyoungandhavingchildrenearly.5)LittleTomwasunabletositstillforlongerthanafewminutes.Structure1. 1)Tohisgreatdelight,Dr.Dengdiscoveredtwogenesinwildricethatcanincreasetheyieldby30percent.2) Tohergreatrelief,herdaughterhadleftthebuildingbeforeitcollapsed.3)Toourdisappointment,ourwomensteamlostouttotheNorthKoreans.4)Wethink,muchtoourregret,thatwewillnotbeabletovisityouduringthecomingChristmas.2.1)Thesebirdsnestinthevastswamps(whichlietothe)eastoftheNile.2)By1948,thePeoplesLiberationArmyhadgainedcontrolofthevastareasnorthoftheYangtzeRiver.3)MichellewasborninasmallvillageinthenorthofFrance,butcametoliveintheUnitedfour.Statesattheageof4)TheColumbiaRiverrisesinwesternCanadaandcontinues/runsthroughtheUnitedStatesforabout1,900kilometerswestoftheRockyMountains.ComprehensiveExercisesI.Cloze(A)2.standintheway1.invasion4.catching.off3.Conquesthisguard5.launching6.declaration7.campaign8.dragon9.reckonwith10.bringing.toaAppendixI-91-(B)1.allow2.reckoned3.highly4.forecasts5.rapidly6.instant7.delivery8.advantage9.observing10.Powerfu